Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻai meaʻai honua, ua lilo ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana i mea koho kaulana no nā mea kūʻai aku ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika, ʻAsia, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma muli o kona kumukūʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ke kokoke mai ka meaʻai i kona lā pau, e hoʻomau mau ʻia ka pilikia o ka hoʻohaumia microbial? Pehea e wehewehe ai nā kūlana palekana meaʻai ma nā ʻāina like ʻole i ka palekana o ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana? Hoʻopili kēia ʻatikala i ke kūlana palekana microbial o kēia manawa o ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana ma muli o ka ʻikepili hoʻāʻo honua a hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo kūʻai ʻepekema no nā mea kūʻai honua.
1. Kūlana Makeke honua a me nā ʻokoʻa hoʻoponopono o nā meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana
ʻO ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana e pili ana i nā huahana me ka hapakolu a i ka hapalua o ko lākou ola paʻa, ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻāpana kūʻai kūʻai kūʻai nui a i ʻole nā hale kūʻai kūʻai kūʻai kūikawā. ʻOkoʻa loa nā kulekele hoʻoponopono no ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana ma nā ʻāina:
Hui ʻEulopa (EU):ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o ka "hoʻohana ʻia e" (ka lā palena palekana) a me ka "maikaʻi ma mua" (ka palena palena maikaʻi). ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ke kūʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai kokoke i ka lā "hoʻohana ʻia e".
ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa:ʻAʻole pono nā lula federal i nā lā pau, akā pono nā mea kūʻai aku e hōʻoia i ka palekana o ka meaʻai.
Iapana:Paipai ka "Food Waste Reduction Promotion Act" i nā kūʻai hoʻemi ʻana o nā meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana, akā pono ka hoʻāʻo mau.
Kina:Ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka "Anti-Food Waste Law" i 2021, ua hoʻokumu nā hale kūʻai nui i nā ʻāpana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana, akā mau nā kūlana hoʻāʻo microbial e like me nā huahana hou.
2. Nā Kūlana ho'āʻo palekana Microbial i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua
Wahi a nā alakaʻi mai kaCodex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), US FDA, a me EU EFSA, pono e nānā ʻia ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana no kēia mau hōʻailona nui:
Huina Aerobic (TAC):Hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka pōʻino o ka meaʻai; ʻoi aku ka nui o nā palena hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka diarrhea.
Coliform Bacteria:Hōʻike i nā kūlana maʻemaʻe a pili pū me nā pilikia o nā pathogens likeSalmonella.
Mold and Yeast:He mea maʻamau i nā wahi haʻahaʻa a hiki ke hoʻopuka i nā mea ʻawaʻawa (e laʻa,nā aflatoxins).
Nā mea ʻino:E hoʻokomo i ka Listeria (hiki ke ulu i nā mahana haʻahaʻa) a me Staphylococcus aureus.
3. Nā ʻikepili hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka palena palena: ʻo ka paepae palekana o ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana
I ka makahiki 2025, ua hui pū ka International Consumer Research & Testing (ICRT) me nā laboratories ma nā ʻāina he nui e hoʻāʻo i ʻeono mau ʻāpana o ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana, me nā hopena aʻe:
| Māhele Meaʻai | Ka palena ho'āʻo | Palena Palekana honua | ʻOi aku ka nui o ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana |
| Waiu Pasteurized (Kelemānia) | Ka helu Aerobic | ≤10⁵ CFU/mL | 12% |
| Mālaʻa i hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia (US) | Coliform Bacteria | ≤100 CFU/g | 18% |
| Moʻa Mākaukau e ʻai (UK) | Listeria | ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia | 5% |
| ʻAi ʻai Nut (Kina) | Mold | ≤50 CFU/g | 8% |
Nā ʻike nui:
Māhele Pilikia Kiʻekiʻe:ʻO nā ʻiʻo mākaukau e ʻai, nā huahana waiū, a me nā meaʻai i hoʻomākaukau ʻia ua hōʻike ʻia ka nui o ka nui o ka microbial.
Ka hopena o ka mahana mālama:ʻO nā meaʻai ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia i loko o ka pahu hau ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pilikia ma mua o nā palena.
Nā ʻokoʻa hoʻopili:Ua ʻoi aku ka palekana o nā meaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻūhā ma mua o nā meaʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
4. Nā mea nui e pili ana i ka palekana o ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana
Hoʻokele Chain Supply:ʻO ka loli ʻana o ka mahana i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana (e laʻa, nā kaulahao anu i haki ʻia) e hoʻolalelale i ka ulu microbial.
Huina meaʻai:ʻO nā meaʻai kiʻekiʻe-protein (ʻiʻo) a me ka wai kiʻekiʻe (yogurt) ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi i ka hoʻopōʻino ʻana i ka maʻi bacteria.
ʻĀpana ʻāina:ʻO nā ʻāpana wela a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa, ʻo ʻAsia Hikina Hema) ke kū nei i ka ʻoi aʻe o ka pōʻino i ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana.
5. Nā alakaʻi alakaʻi kūʻai honua no ke kūʻai palekana
E nānā i nā lepili a me nā kūlana mālama:
E hoʻokahua i nā meaʻai maloʻo i kapa ʻia "ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua" (e laʻa, nā pahū, nā mea hiki ke hiki).
E hōʻalo i ka waiu a me nā huahana ʻiʻo kokoke i ka pau ʻole i mālama ʻia ma lalo o ka friji.
Nānā Manaʻo:
E hoʻolei i nā meaʻai me ka puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu, nā kahe, ka poʻi, a i ʻole nā mea ʻala ʻala koke.
ʻIke ʻĀpana Pilikia:
ʻEulopa & ʻAmelika:E nānā iā Listeria (maʻa mau i nā meaʻai mākaukau e ʻai).
ʻAsia:E makaʻala i nā mycotoxins (e laʻa, aflatoxins i ka laiki a me nā nati).
6. Nā Manaʻo no ka hoʻoponopono a me ka ʻoihana
E ho'āʻo maʻamau:Kākoʻo no Codex e hoʻokumu i nā palena microbial kūikawā no ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana.
ʻenehana hou:Hoʻolaha i ka puʻupuʻu akamai (e laʻa, nā hōʻailona mahana-manawa).
Kuleana Hui:Pono nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻokō i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻāʻo ikaika no ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana.
Ka Hopena: Ke kaulike ʻana i ka palekana a me ka hoʻomau
ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka meaʻai kokoke i ka pau ʻana e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pau ʻana o ka meaʻai honua, akā ʻo ka palekana microbial ka paʻakikī koʻikoʻi. Pono nā mea kūʻai aku e hana i nā koho e pili ana i nā hoʻoponopono kūloko a me nā ʻikepili ʻepekema, ʻoiai ʻo ke kaiāulu o ke ao holoʻokoʻa e hana pū i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana e hiki ke ola pū ka "mālama" a me ka "palekana".
Hoʻomanaʻo hope:I ka wā e pili ana i ka palekana meaʻai, ʻaʻole pono ke "kumuki haʻahaʻa" e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka ʻae ʻana - ʻoi loa no nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e like me ka meaʻai keiki a me nā meaʻai mākaukau, kahi e pono ai ka makaʻala.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-20-2025