nhau

1. Nyama Yakatonhorera vs. Nyama Yakaomeswa: Kuenzanisa Tsananguro uye Maitiro Ekugadzirisa

1)Nyama Yakatonhorera: Itsva Yakachengetedzwa Pakupisa Kwakaderera Mukati Mese

Nyama yakatonhorera, inozivikanwawo senyama yakachengetwa muchando yakabviswa lactic acid, inotevera matanho ekugadzirisa:

• Kutonhora Nokukurumidza Mushure meKuuraya: Mushure mekuurawa, mutumbi unotonhodzwa nekukurumidza kusvika pa0-4°C mukati memaawa maviri kudzivirira kuberekana kwehutachiona.
• Kubviswa kweLactic Acid: Inobva yasiyiwa kuti izorore munzvimbo inodziya nguva dzose kwemaawa 24-48 kuti iore lactic acid, ipfavise tsandanyama, uye iwedzere kuravira.
• Kutakurwa Kwechando Mukati Mese: Kubva pakugadzirwa kusvika pakutengeswa, tembiricha inochengetwa mukati me 0-4°C, uye hupenyu hwemazuva matatu kusvika manomwe.

2)Nyama Yakaomeswa Nechando: Kukurumidza Kuomesa Nechando mu "Mamiriro Epakutanga"

Chinhu chikuru pakugadzirwa kwenyama yakaomeswa nechando chiri mu "tekinoroji yekukurumidza yekuomesa nechando":

• Kuomesa Nekukurumidza: Nyama itsva mushure mekuurayiwa inokurumidza kuomeswa nechando munzvimbo iri pasi pe -28°C, zvichiita kuti mvura iri mukati memasero igadzire makristaro madiki echando, zvichideredza kukuvara kwemhando yenyama.
• Kuchengeterwa Kwenguva Refu: Inogona kuchengetwa mufiriji inodziya nguva dzose pa -18°C kwemwedzi 6-12 uye inofanira kudyiwa nekukurumidza mushure mekunyungudika. 

Misiyano mikuru:Nyama yakatonhorera inosimbisa "kuravira kutsva uye kwakapfava" asi ine nguva pfupi yekuichengeta. Nyama yakaomeswa nechando inorasikirwa nekunaka kwayo kwenguva refu.

1. Kuongororwa Kwehuwandu HwebhakitiriyaKuedza: Dambudziko Renguva Nekupisa

Kuti vaenzanise kuchengetedzeka kwehutachiona hwemhando mbiri dzenyama, sangano rekuongorora rine hunyanzvi rakaita bvunzo yeboka revanhu panyama yenguruve kubva muboka rimwe chete, vachitevedzera mamiriro ekuchengetera pamba:

Dhizaini Yekuyedza

• Kuronga Musanganiswa: Nyama yenguruve nyowani yakakamurwa kuita boka renyama inotonhorera (yakaiswa mufiriji pa0-4°C) uye boka renyama inotonhorera (yakaiswa mufiriji pa -18°C).
• Nguva Yekuyedza: Zuva 1 (mamiriro ekutanga), Zuva 3, Zuva 7, uye Zuva 14 (chete kune boka rakaomeswa nechando).
• Zviratidzo zveKuedza: Huwandu hwebhakitiriya hwese (CFU/g), mabhakitiriya ecoliform, uye mabhakitiriya ane pathogenic (SalmonellauyeStaphylococcus aureus).

Mhedzisiro Yekuyedza

Nguva Yekuyedza	Huwandu Hwese Hwemabhakitiriya Enyama Yakatonhorera (CFU/g)	Huwandu Hwese Hwemabhakitiriya Enyama Yakaomeswa Nechando (CFU/g)
Zuva rekutanga	3.2×10⁴	1.1×10⁴
Zuva rechitatu	8.5×10⁵	1.3×10⁴ (isina kunyungudutswa)
Zuva rechinomwe	2.3×10⁷ (inodarika muganho wenyika)	1.5×10⁴ (isina kunyungudutswa)
Zuva rechi14	-	2.8×10⁴ (isina kunyungudutswa)

Kuedzwa kweNyama Yakaomeswa Nechando Mushure mekunyungudika:

Mushure mekunyunguduka uye kuiswa munzvimbo ine tembiricha ye4°C kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana, huwandu hwemabhakitiriya hwakawedzera kusvika pa4.8×10⁵ CFU/g, zvichisvika padanho renyama yakatonhorera pazuva rechitatu.

Mhedziso yekuedza

1) Nyama Yakatonhorera: Huwandu hwemabhakitiriya hunowedzera zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva, zvichipfuura muganho we1×10⁷ CFU/g wakatsanangurwa mu "National Food Safety Standard" yeChina (GB 2707-2016) panosvika Zuva rechinomwe.

2) Nyama Yakaomeswa Nechando: Kuberekana kwemabhakitiriya kunomira pa -18°C, asi mashandiro emabhakitiriya anokurumidza kutangazve mushure mekunyunguduka, zvichiita kuti kuora kuwedzere.

3) Njodzi yeMabhakitiriya Anokonzera Kupararira: Hapana mabhakitiriya anokonzera kupararira akadai seSalmonella akaonekwa mumapoka ese esampuli. Zvisinei, huwandu hwakawanda hwemabhakitiriya hunogona kukonzera kuora uye kunhuwa, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekudyiwa.

1. Pfungwa Dzisiri Dzechokwadi Pamusoro Pekushandisa uye Gwaro Rekutenga Sainzi

Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 1: Nyama inotonhorera yakachengeteka kupfuura nyama yakaomeswa nechando here?
Chokwadi: Kuchengeteka kwezvose zviri zviviri kunoenderana nemamiriro ekuchengetwa. Kana nyama inotonhorera ikaonekwa mumasherufu esupamaketi kwenguva yakareba kana kuchengetwa mumba kwemazuva anopfuura matatu, njodzi inogona kunge yakakura kupfuura yenyama yakaomeswa nechando.

Pfungwa Isina Kujeka 2: Nyama yakachengetwa muchando inorasikirwa nezvinovaka muviri zvakanyanya here?
Chokwadi: Tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekukurumidza kuomesa inogona kuchengetedza zvinovaka muviri zvinodarika 90%, nepo nyama inotonhorera ichirasikirwa nemavhitamini akadai seB1 nekuda kwe oxidation uye enzyme hydrolysis reactions. 

Mazano eSainzi eKutenga neKuchengeta
1) Kunyama Yakatonhorera:

Pakutenga, tarisa ruvara (rutsvuku rwakajeka rune kupenya), magadzirirwo (runyoro zvishoma uye rusina kunamira), uye hwema (rusina hwema hunovava kana hunonhuwa).

Kuti uchengetere nyama kumba, vhara nyama nepurasitiki woiisa munzvimbo inotonhora zvikuru mufiriji (kazhinji iri pedyo nemadziro ekumashure), woidya mukati memazuva matatu.

2)Yenyama Yakaomeswa Nechando:

Sarudza zvigadzirwa zvine makristaro echando mashoma uye mapakeji asina kukuvara, uchidzivisa "nyama ye zombie" yakanyungudutswa uye yakazorodzwa muchando.

Pakunyunguduka, shandisa nzira ye "kukwira zvishoma nezvishoma kwekushisa": bvisa kubva mufiriji kuenda mufiriji kwemaawa gumi nemaviri, wobva wanyika mumvura ine munyu kuti ubvise utachiona.

3)Nheyo Dzakajairika:

Shamba pamusoro penyama nemvura inoyerera usati wabika, asi usainyike kwenguva yakareba.

Ita shuwa kuti tembiricha yekubikira mukati inodarika 75°C kuti mabhakitiriya asashande zvachose.