Zvichipesana nemamiriro ekuwedzera kwekurasira kwekudya kwepasirese, chikafu chiri pedyo-kupera chave sarudzo yakakurumbira kune vatengi muEurope, America, Asia, uye mamwe matunhu nekuda kwekuita kwayo mutengo. Zvisinei, sezvo zvokudya zvasvika zuva rokupera, ngozi yokusvibiswa neutachiona hunoramba huripo here? Maitiro ekuchengetedza chikafu munyika dzakasiyana anotsanangura sei kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu chave pedyo kupera? Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora mamiriro azvino ekuchengetedza hutachiona hwechikafu chave pedyo-kupera zvinoenderana nedata rekuyedza repasi rose uye chinopa kurudziro yekutenga kwesainzi kune vatengi vepasirese.
1. Global Market Status uye Regulatory Difference of Near-Expiry Food
Chikafu chiri pedyo-chekupera chinowanzoreva zvigadzirwa zvine chikamu chimwe muzvitatu kusvika hafu yehupenyu hwavo hwesherufu hwasara, kazhinji inowanikwa muzvikamu zveshopu dzesupamaketi kana zvitoro zvine hunyanzvi. Mitemo yemitemo yekudya yava pedyo kupera inosiyana zvakanyanya munyika dzese:
European Union (EU):Kunosungirwa kunyora kwe "kushandiswa ne" (chete nguva yekupedzisira) uye "zvakanakisa zvisati zvaitika" (mhando yekupedzisira). Kutengeswa kwechikafu pedyo ne "kushandiswa ne" zuva kunorambidzwa.
Nyika dzakabatana:Kunze kwemafomu emucheche, mitemo yemubatanidzwa haidi mazuva ekupera, asi vatengesi vanofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza chikafu.
Japani:Iyo "Food Waste Reduction Promotion Act" inokurudzira kutengesa kwakaderedzwa kwechikafu chave pedyo-kupera, asi kuongororwa nguva dzose kunodiwa.
China:Kutevera kuitwa kwe "Anti-Food Waste Law" muna 2021, masupamaketi makuru akagadzira zvikamu zvakatsaurirwa zvechikafu chiri kuda kupera, asi zviyero zvekuongorora hutachiona zvinoramba zvakafanana nezvezvigadzirwa zvitsva.
2. Munyika Yose Yakazivikanwa Microbial Safety Testing Standards
Zvinoenderana nemirairo kubva kuCodex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), US FDA, uye EU EFSA, chikafu chiri pedyo-kupera chinofanirwa kutariswa kune zvinotevera zvakakosha zviratidzo:
Total Aerobic Count (TAC):Inoratidza mwero wekuparara kwechikafu; kudarika miganhu inogona kukonzera manyoka.
Utachiona hweColiform:Inoratidza hutsanana mamiriro uye inosanganiswa nenjodzi dzehutachiona sengeSalmonella.
Mold uye Mbiriso:Inowanikwa munzvimbo dzine hunyoro uye inogona kuburitsa chepfu (semuenzaniso,aflatoxins).
Utachiona:Sanganisira Listeria (inogona kukura patembiricha yakaderera) uye Staphylococcus aureus.
3. Cross-Border Testing Data: The Safety Threshold ye Near-Expiry Food
Muna 2025, International Consumer Research & Testing (ICRT) yakabatana nemarabhoritari munyika dzakawanda kuyedza mapoka matanhatu echikafu chiri kuda kupera, nemhedzisiro inotevera:
| Food Category | Test Parameter | International Safety Limit | Kuwedzeredza Mwero muPedyo-Kupera Kwekudya |
| Pasteurized Mukaka (Germany) | Total Aerobic Count | ≤10⁵ CFU/mL | 12% |
| Pre-Packaged Salad (US) | Coliform Utachiona | ≤100 CFU/g | 18% |
| Huku Yakagadzirira Kudya (UK) | Listeria | Haina Kuonekwa | 5% |
| Zvikafu zveNzungu (China) | Mold | ≤50 CFU/g | 8% |
Zvakawanikwa Zvinokosha:
High-Risk Categories:Yakagadzirira-kudya nyama, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, uye chikafu chakagadzirirwa chakaratidza huwandu hwepamusoro hwehutachiona hwehutachiona.
Impact of Storage Temperature:Zvokudya zvisina kuchengetwa zviri mufiriji zvaive nenjodzi yakapetwa katatu yekudarika miganhu.
Packaging Misiyano:Zvokudya zvakavharwa-vacuum zvaive zvakachengeteka zvakanyanya pane zvakajairwa mupakiti.
4. Zvinhu Zvikuru Zvinokanganisa Kuchengetedzwa Kwekudya Kwepedyo-Kupera
Supply Chain Management:Kuchinja kwematembiricha panguva yekufambisa (semuenzaniso, kutsemuka kwechando cheni) kunomhanyisa kukura kwehutachiona.
Chikafu Muumbi:High-protein (nyama) uye yakakwirira-unyoro (yoghurt) zvokudya zvinowanzoita kusvibiswa kwebhakitiriya.
Mamiriro ekunze edunhu:Nzvimbo dzepamusoro-tembiricha uye dzakanyorova zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, Southeast Asia) dzinotarisana nenjodzi dzakanyanya dzekuumbwa mukudya kwave kupera.
5. Global Consumer Guidelines for Safe Purchasing
Tarisa Labels uye Storage Conditions:
Koshesa chikafu chakaoma chakanyorwa kuti "zvakanakisa zvisati zvaitika" (semu, crackers, zvinhu zvemumagaba).
Dzivisa pedyo-kupera nguva yemukaka uye zvigadzirwa zvenyama zvisina kuchengetwa mufiriji.
Sensory Inspection:
Rasa chero chikafu chine bloated packaging, zvinobuda, mold, kana kunhuhwirira kwakasvibiswa nekukasira.
Kuziva Nengozi Yedunhu:
Europe & America:Tarisa Listeria (inowanikwa muzvokudya zvakagadzirira-kudya).
Asia:Ngwarira mycotoxins (semuenzaniso, aflatoxins mumupunga nenzungu).
6. Mazano kune International Regulation uye Indasitiri
Standardize Testing Criteria:Advocate Codex kuti imise miganho yehutachiona hwechikafu chave pedyo-kupera.
Technological Innovation:Kurudzira kurongedza kwakangwara (semuenzaniso, nguva-tembiricha zviratidzo).
Mutoro Wekambani:Vatengesi vanofanirwa kushandisa masisitimu ekuyedza ezvekudya zvava pedyo-kupera.
Mhedziso: Kuenzanisa Kuchengetedza uye Kugadzikana
Kusimudzirwa kwechikafu chave pedyo-kupera kunobatsira kuderedza kupera kwechikafu chepasi rose, asi kuchengetedzwa kwehutachiona kunoramba kuri dambudziko rakakura. Vatengi vanofanira kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo maererano nemirau yemuno uye neruzivo rwesainzi, ukuwo nharaunda dzepasi rose dzichifanira kubatana kuvandudza mwero, kuve nechokwadi chekuti "kuchengetedza" uye "kuchengetedza" zvinogara pamwe chete.
Chiyeuchidzo Chekupedzisira:Kana zvasvika pakuchengetedzeka kwechikafu, "mutengo wakaderera" haufanire kururamisa kukanganisa-kunyanya kune zvikamu zvine njodzi zvakanyanya sekudya kwevacheche uye chikafu chakagadzirira-kudya, uko kungwarira kunofanirwa kugara kuchiuya pekutanga.
Nguva yekutumira: May-20-2025