nhau

1. Microbiological Risk Characters of Near-Expiry Foods

Utachiona hwehutachiona ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekuparara kwechikafu. Zvinoenderana neNational Food Safety Standard (GB 7101-2015), pathogenic mabhakitiriya (semuenzaniso,Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus) haifanirwe kuwonekwa mukudya, nepo chiratidzo chemicroorganisms senge coliforms chinofanirwa kudzorwa mukati memiganhu yakatarwa. Nekudaro, chikafu chiri pedyo-kupera-nguva chinogona kutarisana nenjodzi dzinotevera panguva yekuchengetedza nekufambisa:

1)Environmental Fluctuations:Kusiyana kwetembiricha uye hunyoro kunogona kuita kuti tupukanana tumire, tuchiwedzera kuwanda. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekuputsika kutonhora kweketani, iyo lactic acid mabhakitiriya anoverengera mune imwe mhando yeyogati akawedzera makumi mashanu-mumaawa makumi maviri nemana, achiperekedzwa nekuwanda kweforoma.

2)Packaging Failting:Kudonha muvacuum kurongedza kana kuderedzwa kwezvidziviriro zvinogona kutungamirira kune aerobic bhakitiriya kubuda.

3)Muchinjika-Kusvibiswa:Kusanganisa zvibereko zvitsva nezvikafu zvakafanorongedzwa pazvitoro zvinotengesa zvinogona kuunza ma microorganisms ekunze.

2. Ikozvino Mamiriro Akazarurwa neKuedza Data

Ye2024 yechitatu-bato sampling yekuongorora yepedyo-kupera nguva pamusika yakaratidza:

Qualification Rate:92.3% yemasamples akasangana nemicrobiological standards, kunyangwe izvi zvaimiririra kudzikira kwe4.7% zvichienzaniswa nekutanga sherufu-hupenyu nguva.

High-Risk Categories:

1) Zvikafu zvine hunyoro hwepamusoro (semuenzaniso, chikafu chakagadzirira-kudya, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka): 7% yemasampuli aive aine huwandu hwehutachiona hwese hwaisvika kumiganhu yekudzora.

2) Zvikafu zvakaderera-asidhi (semuenzaniso, chingwa, makeke): 3% yakaongororwa kuti ine mycotoxins.

Matambudziko Akawanda:Zvimwe zvikafu zvakaunzwa kunze zvave pedyo kupera nguva zvakaratidza kukura kwemicrobiological nekuda kwekusakwana kweshanduro dzemabhii, zvichikonzera kusachengetedzwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu.

3. Scientific Logic Behind Shelf-Hupenyu Kutsunga

Chikafu pasherufu-hupenyu haisi nyore "yakachengeteka-ngozi" nhanho asi kufanotaura kwekuchengetedza kunoenderana nekukasira kusherufu-hupenyu bvunzo (ASLT). Mienzaniso inosanganisira:

Dairy Products:Pa 4 ° C, sherufu-hupenyu hunowanzoiswa pa 60% yenguva inodiwa kuti huwandu hwebhakitiriya husvike kumiganhu yemitemo.

Puffed Snacks:Kana chiitiko chemvura chiri <0.6, njodzi dzemicrobiological ishoma, uye pasherufu-hupenyu hunotemerwa zvakanyanya ne lipid oxidation kunetseka.
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvikafu zvave pedyo-kupera nguva zvakachengetwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu anoenderana zvinoramba zvakachengeteka, kunyangwe njodzi dzeparutivi dzichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.

4. Matambudziko Maindasitiri uye Matanho Ekuvandudza

Matambudziko Aripo

1)Gaps in Supply Chain Monitoring:Inenge 35% yevatengesi havana yakatsaurirwa tembiricha-yekudzora masisitimu ezvekuda kupera-kupera.

2)Exdated Testing Technologies:Nzira dzechinyakare dzetsika dzinoda maawa makumi mana nemasere emhedzisiro, zvichiita kuti dzisakodzere kukurumidza kutenderera kutenderera.

3)Insufficient Standard Refinement:Mitemo yenyika yazvino haina miganho yakasiyana yemicrobiological yezvikafu zvava pedyo-kupera.

Optimization Recommendations

1)Gadzira Dynamic Monitoring Systems:

1. Kurudzira ATP bioluminescence yekuona tekinoroji ye-on-saiti yekukurumidza kuyedza (30-maminetsi mhinduro).
2. Shandisa blockchain tekinoroji yekutsvaga kuchengetedza nharaunda data.

2)Enhance Standardization:

1. Taunzira yekuwedzera bvunzo zvinodiwa kune yakanyanya-njodzi zvikamu panguva yekupera-nguva yekupera.
2. Gamuchira a tiered manejimendi nzira inonongedza EU Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005, zvichienderana nekuchengetedza mamiriro.

3)Simbisai Dzidzo yeVatengi:

1. Ratidza chaiyo-nguva bvunzo mishumo kuburikidza neQR makodhi pane kurongedza.
2. Dzidzisai vatengi nezve "kukurumidza kuregera pane zvekunzwa kusagadzikana."

5. Mhedziso uye Outlook

Irizvino data rinoratidza kuti zvinonyatsotarisirwa padhuze-kupera-kupera kwekudya zvinochengetedza yakakwira microbiological kutevedza mazinga, asi njodzi mumaketani ekutengesa zvinoda kungwarira. Zvinokurudzirwa kuvaka hurongwa hwekutarisira njodzi hunobatanidza vagadziri, vanogovanisa, uye vanodzora, pamwe nekufambira mberi nekukurumidza matekinoroji ekuyedza uye kukwenenzvera kwakajairwa. Tichitarisa kumberi, kutorwa kwe smart packaging (semuenzaniso, nguva-tembiricha zviratidzo) zvinogonesa kunyatsojeka uye kwakanyatso kudzora kwemhando yezvikafu zvava pedyo-kupera.