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I. Standard Setting: The Delicate Balance between Science and Practice

Miganho yakasara yemishonga yezvipembenene yakagadzwa neCodex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) ndiwo magumo ezviuru zvezvidzidzo zvehupfu. Masayendisiti anosarudza iyo Maximum No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) kuburikidza nekuedza kwemhuka, zvino shandisa 100-fold kuchengetedza chinhu kuti uverenge Inogamuchirwa Daily Intake (ADI) kuvanhu. Semuenzaniso, iyo ADI yechlorpyrifosiri 0.01 mg/kg, zvichireva kuti munhu mukuru ane 60 kg anogona kushandisa zvakachengeteka 0.6 mg zuva nezuva.

Chiyero chazvino cheChinaGB 2763-2021inovharira zvisaririra zvemishonga yezvipembenene mazana mashanu nemakumi matanhatu nenhanhatu muzvikamu makumi matatu nemakumi masere nenomwe zvechikafu, zvichinyatsoenderana nemitemo muEU neUS Semuyenzaniso, muganhu weprocymidone muleeks i0.2 mg/kg kuChina maringe ne0.1 mg/kg muEU. Misiyano yakadaro inobva pamiitiro yezvokudya, kwete kusawirirana kukuru pakuchengeteka.

II. Detection Tekinoroji: Iyo Yekuziva Musungo wePrecision Instruments

Zvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvekuongorora zvinogona kuona zvakasara pazvikamu pabhirioni (ppb)mazinga. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) inoona zvakadzika zvakaenzana nekunyungudusa tsanga imwe yemunyu mudziva rekutuhwina rine hukuru hweOlympic. Kunzwa uku kunoreva kuti "zvisingaonekwe" zvisaririra zviri kuita kushoma. Muna 2024, zvisaririra zvemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene zvakaonekwa mu68% yezvigadzirwa zvekurima zvakatorwa, asi 1.4% chete yakapfuura miganhu - zvichiratidza kuti"kuonekwa kwakajairika, kudarika zviyero hazviwanzo."

Theukuru hwezvisaririranyaya dzakakosha. Kune cypermethrin, muganhu mu citrus ndeye 2 mg / kg. Kuti asvike muyero une ngozi, munhu angada kudya 200 kg yecitrus inoenderana - kuongororwa kwenjodzi sekusina musoro sekutya munyu wetafura (yepakati inouraya dose: 3 g/kg).

III. Risk Management: A Multi-Layered Defense for Food Safety

Bazi rezvekurima reChina rakaita budiriro kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvakaita se"Special Campaign paDhibibited Substances Control uye Quality Improvement," kuwana 97,6% yekutevedzera mwero muna 2024. Blockchain traceability systems ikozvino inotarisa 2,000 mabhesi ekugadzira, kutevera 23 data points kubva purazi kusvika kune forogo. Vatengi vanogona kuongorora maQR makodhi kuti vawane marekodhi ekushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye mishumo yerabhu.

Kana vakatarisana ne "zvisaririra zvemishonga yezvipembenene" mumishumo yekuyedza, vatengi vanofanirwa kuziva:kuona ≠ kutyorwa, uye kutsvaga zvisaririra hazvikonzeri njodzi yehutano. Kugeza goho pasi pemvura inoyerera kwemasekonzi makumi matatu kunobvisa 80% yezvisaririra zvepasi. Zvimwe zvine ngozi ndezviya zvinonzi absolutist senge "zvese mishonga inouraya zvipembenene zvinokuvadza," izvo zvinotyisidzira hwaro hwemazuva ano hwekurima.

Munguva yevhu rakaoma uye kukura kwevanhu, mishonga yezvipembenene inoramba ichikosha pakuchengetedza zvokudya. Nekusiyanisa "kuonekwa" kubva "kupfuura mwero," uye nekunzwisisa mukaha uri pakati pe0.01 mg ne 1 mg, tinopukunyuka kufunga kwebhinari. Kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu hakusi nezve zero njodzi, asingozi inotungamirirwa- kushanda pamwe chete kunoda vatongi, vagadziri, uye vatengi kuti vagamuchire sainzi pamusoro pekunakidzwa.