labarai

1. Naman Sanyi da Naman Daskararre: Kwatanta Ma'anoni da Tsarin Sarrafawa

1)Naman Sanyi: Ana kiyaye sabo a ƙananan yanayin zafi a duk lokacin aikin

Naman sanyi, wanda kuma aka sani da naman da aka adana a sanyi wanda aka cire sinadarin lactic acid, yana bin waɗannan matakan sarrafawa:

• Sanyaya Cikin Sauri Bayan An Yanka: Bayan an yanka gawar, ana sanyaya ta cikin sauri zuwa 0-4°C cikin awanni 2 domin hana yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Cire Lactic Acid: Sannan a bar shi ya huta a yanayin zafi na tsawon awanni 24-48 don ya narke lactic acid, ya tausasa zaruruwan tsoka, da kuma ƙara ɗanɗano.
• Sufurin Sarkar Sanyi a Duk Lokacin: Daga sarrafawa zuwa sayarwa, ana kiyaye zafin jiki a cikin kewayon 0-4°C, tare da tsawon lokacin shiryawa na yau da kullun na kwanaki 3-7.

2)Naman Daskararre: Makullan Daskararre Masu Sauri a "Yanayin Asali"

Tushen sarrafa nama daskararre yana cikin "fasahar daskarewa cikin sauri":

• Daskarewa Cikin Sauri: Nama sabo bayan an yanka shi yana daskarewa cikin sauri a cikin yanayin da bai kai -28°C ba, wanda ke haifar da ruwan da ke cikin ƙwayoyin halitta ya samar da ƙananan lu'ulu'u na kankara, wanda hakan ke rage lalacewar ingancin nama.
• Ajiya Na Dogon Lokaci: Ana iya adana shi a cikin injin daskarewa mai zafin jiki na -18°C na tsawon watanni 6-12 kuma ya kamata a sha da wuri-wuri bayan narke shi. 

Babban Bambanci:Naman da aka sanyaya yana jaddada "ɗanɗano mai daɗi da laushi" amma yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin ajiya. Naman da aka daskare yana sadaukar da ɗanɗano don tsawon lokacin ajiya.

1. Jimlar Gwajin Ƙidayar Kwayoyin cutaGwaji: Kalubale Biyu na Lokaci da Zafin Jiki

Domin kwatanta amincin ƙwayoyin cuta na nau'ikan nama guda biyu, wata cibiyar gwaji mai iko ta gudanar da wani gwaji a kan naman alade daga rukuni ɗaya, tana kwaikwayon yanayin ajiya a gida:

Tsarin Gwaji

• Samfurin Rukunin: An raba naman alade sabo zuwa rukuni na nama mai sanyi (an sanya shi a firiji a zafin 0-4°C) da kuma rukuni na nama mai daskarewa (an daskare a -18°C).
• Lokacin Gwaji: Rana ta 1 (yanayin farko), Rana ta 3, Rana ta 7, da Rana ta 14 (kawai ga ƙungiyar da aka daskare).
• Alamomin Gwaji: Jimlar adadin ƙwayoyin cuta (CFU/g), ƙwayoyin cuta na coliform, da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa (SalmonellakumaStaphylococcus aureus).

Sakamakon Gwaji

Lokacin Gwaji	Jimlar Adadin Kwayoyin cuta ga Naman Sanyi (CFU/g)	Jimlar Adadin Kwayoyin cuta ga Naman Daskararre (CFU/g)
Rana ta 1	3.2×10⁴	1.1 × 10⁴
Rana ta 3	8.5×10⁵	1.3×10⁴ (ba a taɓa ba)
Rana ta 7	2.3×10⁷ (ya wuce ƙa'idar ƙasa)	1.5×10⁴ (ba a taɓa ba)
Rana ta 14	-	2.8×10⁴ (ba a taɓa ba)

Gwajin Naman Daskararre Bayan Narkewa:

Bayan narkewar abinci aka sanya shi a cikin yanayin zafi na 4°C na tsawon awanni 24, jimlar adadin ƙwayoyin cuta ya karu zuwa 4.8×10⁵ CFU/g, wanda ya kusan kai matakin naman da aka sanyaya a Rana ta 3.

Kammalawar Gwaji

1) Naman Sanyi: Jimillar ƙwayoyin cuta yana ƙaruwa sosai a tsawon lokaci, yana wuce iyakar 1×10⁷ CFU/g da aka ƙayyade a cikin "Ƙa'idar Tsaron Abinci ta Ƙasa" ta China (GB 2707-2016) kafin Rana ta 7.

2) Naman da aka daskare: Haifar ƙwayoyin cuta kusan ta tsaya cak a -18°C, amma ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta suna ci gaba da sauri bayan narkewar su, wanda hakan ke hanzarta lalacewa.

3) Haɗarin Kwayoyin Cuta Mai Haɗari: Ba a gano ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa kamar Salmonella a cikin kowane rukuni na samfuran ba. Duk da haka, yawan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa na iya haifar da lalacewa da rashin wari, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin shan su.

1. Kuskuren Ra'ayoyi Game da Amfani da Abinci da Jagorar Siyayya ta Kimiyya

Kuskure Ra'ayi 1: Shin naman sanyi dole ne ya fi nama daskararre aminci?
Gaskiya: Tsaron duka biyun ya dogara ne da yanayin ajiya. Idan naman da aka sanyaya ya kasance a kan ɗakunan manyan kantuna na tsawon lokaci ko kuma aka adana shi a gida fiye da kwana uku, haɗarin na iya zama mafi girma fiye da na naman da aka daskare.

Kuskure Ra'ayi na 2: Shin naman da aka daskare yana fuskantar asarar sinadarai masu yawa?
Gaskiya: Fasaha ta zamani mai saurin daskarewa na iya riƙe sama da kashi 90% na abubuwan gina jiki, yayin da naman da aka sanyaya yana iya rasa bitamin kamar B1 saboda oxidation da halayen enzymes hydrolysis. 

Shawarwari kan Siyayya da Ajiya a Kimiyya
1) Ga Nama Mai Sanyi:

Lokacin siye, lura da launin (ja mai haske tare da sheƙi), yanayinsa (ɗan danshi ne kuma ba ya mannewa), da kuma ƙamshi (ba shi da ƙamshi mai tsami ko tsami).

Don adanawa a gida, a rufe naman da filastik a saka shi a cikin mafi sanyin firiji (yawanci kusa da bangon baya), a cinye shi cikin kwana uku.

2)Ga Naman Daskararre:

Zaɓi samfuran da ke da ƙarancin lu'ulu'u na kankara da marufi marasa lahani, ku guji "naman zombie" wanda aka narke kuma aka sake daskare shi.

Lokacin narkewar abinci, yi amfani da hanyar "hawan zafin jiki a hankali": a canza shi daga injin daskarewa zuwa firiji na tsawon awanni 12, sannan a jiƙa shi a cikin ruwan gishiri don a tace shi.

3)Ka'idoji na Gabaɗaya:

Kurkura saman naman da ruwan da ke gudu kafin a dafa, amma a guji jiƙa shi na tsawon lokaci.

Tabbatar da cewa zafin girkin cikin gida ya kai sama da digiri 75 na Celsius domin hana ƙwayoyin cuta shiga jiki sosai.