Khoom noj khoom haus kev nyab xeeb yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb. Cov khoom seem xws li tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov khoom siv mis los yog tshuaj tua kab ntau dhau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib cav txog kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb lossis kev pheej hmoo rau cov neeg siv khoom noj qab haus huv. Thaum cov txheej txheem kuaj sim ib txwm muaj (xws li HPLC, huab hwm coj spectrometry) muab qhov tseeb, lawv cov nqi siab, lub sijhawm hloov mus ntev, thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj feem ntau ua tsis tau raws li lub sijhawm xav tau ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.Kev sim ceev stripsthiabenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) cov khoom sivtau tshwm sim raws li tus nqi-zoo, hloov pauv kev daws teeb meem rau cov chaw tsim khoom noj khoom haus, cov neeg xa khoom, thiab cov koom haum tswj hwm. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tshawb nrhiav lawv cov ntawv thov hauv kev nyab xeeb khoom noj thoob ntiaj teb, tsom mus rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab.
I. Kev sib piv: Ceev, nqi, thiab raug
1. Kev xeem nrawm nrawm: Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov chaw
Kev sim nrawm nrawm siv cov cuab yeej immunochromatographic los tsim cov txiaj ntsig pom (piv txwv li, cov xim dawb) hauv 5-15 feeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigen-antibody. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb muaj xws li:
Tus nqi qis heev: Ntawm $ 1–5 ib qho kev xeem, lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev tshuaj ntsuam ntau zaus. Piv txwv li, cov khoom noj siv mis siv cov strips los tshuaj xyuas cov mis nyuj nyoos txhua hnub rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob beta-lactam (xws li penicillin), tiv thaiv cov kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev tsim khoom.
Cov khoom siv tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm: Cov txheej txheem yooj yim ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej ua cov kev sim tom qab kev cob qhia tsawg. Cov neeg xa khoom ua liaj ua teb thoob ntiaj teb xa cov strips ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj los xyuas cov tshuaj tua kab (piv txwv li, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil) tiv thaiv cov qauv ntshuam xws li EU Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs).
Txawm li cas los xij, strips muaj kev txwv: rhiab heev (70-90%) thiab cov txiaj ntsig ib nrab tuaj yeem nco cov kab seem. Piv txwv li, sulfonamide tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov mis nyuj ze ntawm EU qhov pib (10 μg / kg) muaj kev pheej hmoo tsis zoo.
2. Cov Khoom Siv ELISA: Precision Ua Tau Zoo
ELISA ntsuas cov hom phiaj ntawm enzyme-substrate cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ua tiav pg / mL-theem rhiab heev thiab kev ua batch (piv txwv li, 96-zoo daim hlau):
High precision thiab quantitation: Qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws cai. US FDA tso cai tetracycline tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov mis tsis pub tshaj 300 μg / kg; ELISA xyuas kom meej qhov ntsuas kom tsis txhob muaj kev nplua rau kev lag luam.
Mid-range nqi efficiency: Ntawm $5–20 ib qhov kev xeem, ELISA yuav tsum tau nyeem cov ntawv nyeem (3,000–$8,000). Rau cov lag luam nruab nrab ua 50-200 cov qauv ib hnub, cov nqi mus sij hawm ntev undercut outsourcing rau labs.
Txawm li cas los xij, ELISA xav tau 2-4 teev ib qho kev khiav thiab cov txheej txheem kev cai, xav tau cov neeg ua haujlwm txawj.
II. Kev xaiv tswv yim hauv ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus
Peb qhov xwm txheej nyiam cov ntawv xeem nrawm
Upstream Supply Chain Screening
Strips sai cuam tshuam cov khoom siv raw uas pheej hmoo siab. Brazilian soybean exporters prescreen glyphosate residues ua ntej xa khoom xa tuaj, xa tsuas yog cov khoom tsis zoo rau kev kuaj pom tseeb - txo nqi kuaj ntau dua 30%.
Kev Tshawb Xyuas Kev Ua Raws Cai Hla Tebchaws
Kev lis kev cai lossis cov neeg soj ntsuam siv cov strips ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj lossis cov chaw khaws khoom kom tsis txhob thauj khoom qeeb. Nyab Laj Cw exporters sim nitrofuran metabolites nrog strips kom ua raws li Nyiv Cov Npe Zoo.
Resource-Limited Regions
Cov teb me me lossis cov txheej txheem tsim khoom hauv lub tebchaws vam khom rau kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo. African cov koom tes noj mis nyuj tshuaj ntsuam mis rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw, xa cov qauv zoo rau cov chaw sim hauv cheeb tsam.
Peb qhov xwm txheej nyiam ELISA Cov Khoom Siv
Export Ntawv pov thawj thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb
ELISA qhov tseeb thiab kev taug qab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws cai. Indian spice exporters muab ELISA-raws li aflatoxin B1 qhia (EU theem pib: 2 μg/kg) kom tau raws li EC No. 1881/2006.
Medium-rau-High Throughput Demands
Cov tuam txhab loj lossis cov chaw sim hauv nruab nrab tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm ELISA cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm. Lub tuam txhab Dutch tau kuaj 500+ mis nyuj batch txhua hnub rau beta-lactams thiab tetracyclines hauv 4 teev.
R & D thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo
ELISA cov ntaub ntawv muaj nuj nqis txhawb kev saib xyuas mus sij hawm ntev. Chilean wineries taug qab caij nyoog tshuaj tua kab carbendazim tiam sis txhawm rau txhim kho kev ua vaj txiv hmab.
III. Ntiaj teb no tus nqi-Kev pom zoo
Cov nqi zais thiab kev pheej hmoo txo qis
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov strips yuav ua rau rov qab los (xws li, Fabkis xyoo 2021 tus me nyuam mos cov mis salmonella tshwm sim), thaum ELISA cov cuab yeej siv tau qis dua nrog cov nplai. Multinationals txais yuav "kev tshuaj ntsuam kab xev + ELISA kev pom zoo" kom sib npaug tus nqi thiab ua raws.
Technology Convergence
Nanomaterial-enhanced strips: Kub nanoparticle-labeled strips ntes tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm 1 μg / kg, ze rau ELISA rhiab heev.
Portable ELISA nyeem ntawv: Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua kom muaj kev sim hauv chaw qis dua $ 1,500, nqaim qhov sib txawv siv tau.
IV. Xaus: Tsim lub Ntiaj Teb Kev Tshawb Fawb Network
Txhawm rau taug qab cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb sib txawv (xws li Tuam Tshoj tus GB 2763, US EPA, EU EC), kev lag luam zaub mov yuav tsum xaiv cov cuab yeej zoo:
Ceev strips: Muab qhov tseem ceeb ceev rau kev soj ntsuam saum toj kawg nkaus, thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, lossis kev nqis peev tsawg.
ELISA cov khoom siv: Xa precision rau ntawv pov thawj, nruab nrab-siab throughput, thiab cov ntaub ntawv-tsav kev txiav txim.
Cov tuam txhab lag luam thoob ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau txais ib lub tswv yim zoo: Piv txwv li, Indian cov koom haum noj mis nyuj siv cov strips rau thawj zaug tshuaj tua kab mob, ELISA rau kev lees paub hauv cheeb tsam, thiab cov chaw kuaj pom zoo (xws li SGS, Eurofins) rau cov qauv tsis sib haum xeeb. Qhov "kev tshawb nrhiav pyramid" no sib npaug tus nqi ua haujlwm nrog kev txo qis kev lag luam, ua kom lub ntiaj teb kev nyab xeeb khoom noj khoom haus ecosystem.
Post lub sij hawm: May-15-2025