Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev nce thoob ntiaj teb cov zaub mov pov tseg, khoom noj khoom haus ze ze tau dhau los ua kev xaiv nrov rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv Tebchaws Europe, Amelikas, Asia, thiab lwm thaj chaw vim nws cov nqi zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov zaub mov mus txog nws hnub tas sij hawm, puas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob microbial nyob hauv kev tswj hwm? Cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov hauv txawv teb chaws txhais li cas txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov uas ze ze? Tsab ntawv xov xwm no txheeb xyuas cov xwm txheej tam sim no ntawm microbial kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj uas yuav ze ze raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas thoob ntiaj teb thiab muab cov lus pom zoo rau kev yuav khoom rau cov neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb.
1. Kev Lag Luam Ntiaj Teb Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Sib txawv ntawm Cov Khoom Noj Khoom Noj Zej Zog
Khoom noj khoom haus ze ze feem ntau yog hais txog cov khoom lag luam nrog ib feem peb mus rau ib nrab ntawm lawv cov txee lub neej tshuav, feem ntau pom hauv cov khw muag khoom luv nqi lossis cov khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb. Txoj cai tswjfwm rau cov khoom noj uas yuav luag tas yuav txawv heev thoob plaws lub tebchaws:
European Union (EU):Yuav tsum tau sau npe ntawm "siv los ntawm" (hnub kawg ntawm kev nyab xeeb) thiab "zoo tshaj ua ntej" (zoo hnub kawg). Kev muag khoom noj nyob ze rau hnub "siv los ntawm" raug txwv.
Tebchaws Meskas:Tsuas yog cov mis mos, tseem fwv cov cai tsis tas yuav muaj hnub tas sij hawm, tab sis cov khw muag khoom yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov.
Nyiv:Txoj Cai "Food Waste Promotion Act" txhawb kom txo cov khoom noj khoom haus uas yuav luag tag, tab sis yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas tsis tu ncua.
Tuam Tshoj:Ua raws li kev siv "Txoj Cai Tiv Thaiv Khoom Noj Khoom Noj" hauv xyoo 2021, cov khw loj loj tau tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom noj uas yuav ze, tab sis cov qauv ntsuas microbial tseem zoo ib yam li cov khoom tshiab.
2. Internationally lees paub Microbial Safety Test Standards
Raws li cov lus qhia los ntawm lubCodex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), US FDA, thiab EU EFSA, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas cov zaub mov uas ze ze rau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
Tag nrho Aerobic suav (TAC):Reflects lub degree ntawm cov khoom noj spoilage; tshaj qhov txwv yuav ua rau raws plab.
Cov kab mob coliform:Qhia txog kev huv huv thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob xws liSalmonella.
Pwm thiab Pwm:Feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntub dej thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov co toxins (xws li,aflatoxins).
Cov kab mob:Xws li Listeria (uas tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm qhov kub qis) thiab Staphylococcus aureus.
3. Cov ntaub ntawv kuaj hla ciam teb: Qhov Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm Cov Khoom Noj Zej Zog
Hauv xyoo 2025, International Consumer Research & Testing (ICRT) tau koom tes nrog cov chaw soj nstuam hauv ntau lub tebchaws los sim rau 6 pawg ntawm cov khoom noj uas ze ze, nrog rau cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no:
| Qeb zaub mov | Test Parameter | International Safety txwv | Tus Nqi Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Tawm |
| Pasteurized Mis (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees) | Total Aerobic suav | ≤10⁵ CFU/mL | 12% |
| Pre-Packaged Salad (US) | Cov kab mob coliform | ≤100 CFU / g | 18% |
| Npaj-to-Eat Chicken (UK) | Listeria | Tsis Pom | 5% |
| Nut Snacks (Tuam Tshoj) | Pwm | ≤ 50 CFU / g | 8% |
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
Pawg Risk Siab:Cov nqaij npaj txhij, cov khoom noj siv mis, thiab cov zaub mov npaj tau pom tias muaj cov kab mob microbial ntau dua.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Cia Kub:Cov zaub mov tsis khaws cia hauv tub yees muaj peb npaug ntawm kev pheej hmoo siab tshaj qhov txwv.
Ntim Qhov txawv:Lub tshuab nqus tsev ntim cov khoom noj muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li cov khoom ntim khoom noj.
4. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ze ze
Supply Chain Management:Kub hloov pauv thaum lub sij hawm thauj mus los (xws li, tawg kab mob khaub thuas) ua kom cov microbial loj hlob.
Khoom noj khoom haus muaj pes tsawg leeg:Cov khoom noj muaj protein ntau (nqaij) thiab cov khoom noj uas muaj dej noo (yogurt) ntau dua rau cov kab mob sib kis.
Kev nyab xeeb hauv cheeb tsam:Cov cheeb tsam kub thiab cov av noo siab (xws li, Cov Neeg Esxias Qab Teb Hnub Tuaj) ntsib kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ntawm cov pwm hauv cov zaub mov uas ze ze.
5. Ntiaj teb no Consumer Guidelines for Safe Purchasing
Tshawb xyuas Cov Ntawv Sau thiab Cov Cai Cia:
Ua ntej cov khoom noj qhuav uas sau tias "zoo tshaj ua ntej" (piv txwv li, crackers, cov kaus poom).
Tsis txhob muab cov khoom noj mis nyuj thiab cov nqaij uas ze ze uas tsis tau muab cia rau hauv tub yees.
Kev soj ntsuam Sensory:
Muab pov tseg txhua yam zaub mov uas ntim ntim, xau, pwm, lossis tsw ntxhiab tsw tam sim.
Regional Risk Awareness:
Teb chaws Europe & Amelikas:Saib rau Listeria (feem ntau hauv cov khoom noj uas npaj txhij).
Asia:Ceev faj txog mycotoxins (xws li, aflatoxins hauv mov thiab txiv ntoo).
6. Cov lus pom zoo rau kev tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev lag luam
Standardize Test Criteria:Tus neeg tawm tswv yim rau Codex los tsim cov kev txwv microbial tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom noj uas ze ze.
Technology Innovation:Txhawb kev ntim khoom ntse (piv txwv li, lub sijhawm ntsuas kub).
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tuam txhab:Cov khw muag khoom yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem ntsuas dynamic rau cov khoom noj uas ze ze.
Xaus: Sib npaug Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Sustainability
Kev nce qib ntawm cov zaub mov uas yuav luag tas yuav pab txo cov khoom noj thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis kev nyab xeeb ntawm microbial tseem yog ib qho kev sib tw tseem ceeb. Cov neeg tau txais kev pab yuav tsum tau paub txog kev xaiv raws li cov kev cai hauv zos thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, thaum lub zej zog thoob ntiaj teb yuav tsum sib koom tes los txhim kho cov qauv, kom ntseeg tau tias "kev txuag" thiab "kev nyab xeeb" tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke tiag tiag.
Kev ceeb toom zaum kawg:Thaum nws los txog rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov, "tus nqi qis" yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kev pheej hmoo siab xws li cov khoom noj me nyuam mos thiab cov zaub mov npaj txhij, qhov twg yuav tsum ceev faj ib txwm ua ntej.
Post lub sij hawm: May-20-2025