Ndi kusintha kwa moyo, ogula akuyang'anitsitsa ubwino ndi chitetezo cha nyama. Monga nyama ziwiri zodziwika bwino, nyama yoziziritsa ndi nyama yowunda nthawi zambiri zimatsutsana za "kukoma" ndi "chitetezo" chawo. Kodi nyama yoziziritsidwa ndi yotetezeka kwambiri kuposa nyama yowuzidwa? Kodi nyama yowundana imakhala ndi mabakiteriya ambiri chifukwa chosungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali? Nkhaniyi ikuwunikira mwatsatanetsatane kusiyana kwa chitetezo pakati pa ziwirizi kudzera mu data yoyesera yasayansi, kutanthauzira kwa akatswiri, ndi kusanthula momwe amagwiritsira ntchito, kupatsa ogula maziko omveka opangira zosankha.
- Nyama Yozizira vs. Nyama Yozizira: Kufananiza Tanthauzo ndi Njira Zopangira
1)Nyama Yozizira: Mwatsopano Wosungidwa Pakutentha Kochepa Panthawi Yonse
Nyama yoziziritsa, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nyama yosungidwa mozizira yomwe yachotsedwapo lactic acid, imatsata njira izi:
- Kuziziritsa Mwachangu Pambuyo Kupha: Pambuyo pakupha, nyamayo imazirala mofulumira kufika pa 0-4 ° C mkati mwa maola awiri kuti aletse kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Kuchotsa Lactic Acid: Kenako imasiyidwa kuti ipume pamalo otentha osasintha kwa maola 24-48 kuti iwononge lactic acid, kufewetsa ulusi wa minofu, ndikuwonjezera kukoma.
- Cold Chain Transportation Ponseponse: Kuchokera pakukonza mpaka kugulitsa, kutentha kumasungidwa mkati mwa 0-4 ° C, ndi nthawi ya alumali masiku 3-7.
2)Nyama Yozizira: Maloko Ozizira Kwambiri mu "Original State"
Pachimake pokonza nyama yowundana ndi "ukadaulo wozizira kwambiri":
- Kuzizira Mofulumira: Nyama yatsopano ikaphedwa imaundana mwachangu m'malo ochepera -28 ° C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi amkati apange tinthu tating'ono ta ayezi, ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa nyama.
- Kusungirako Nthawi Yaitali: Ikhoza kusungidwa mufiriji yokhazikika pa -18°C kwa miyezi 6-12 ndipo iyenera kudyedwa mwamsanga ikatha kusungunuka.
Kusiyana Kwakukulu:Nyama yoziziritsidwa imagogomezera "kukoma kwatsopano ndi kofewa" koma ili ndi zenera lalifupi losungira. Nyama yowuma imasiya kukoma kwina kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Kuyesa Kwathunthu kwa BakiteriyaKuyesera: Kuvuta Kwapawiri Kwa Nthawi ndi Kutentha
Poyerekeza chitetezo cha tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta mitundu iwiri ya nyama, bungwe lovomerezeka loyesa lidayesa nyama yankhumba kuchokera pagulu lomwelo, kutengera momwe amasungira kunyumba:
Mapangidwe Oyesera
- Kugawa Zitsanzo: Nkhumba yatsopano ya nkhumba inagawidwa mu gulu la nyama yoziziritsa (yozizira pa 0-4 ° C) ndi gulu la nyama yachisanu (yozizira pa -18 ° C).
- Nthawi Yoyesera: Tsiku 1 (malo oyamba), Tsiku 3, Tsiku 7, ndi Tsiku 14 (lokha la gulu lozizira).
- Zizindikiro Zoyesa: Chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya (CFU/g), mabakiteriya a coliform, ndi mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda (SalmonellandiStaphylococcus aureus).
Zotsatira Zoyesera
| Nthawi Yoyesera | Kuchuluka kwa Bakiteriya pa Nyama Yozizira (CFU/g) | Kuchuluka kwa Mabakiteriya a Nyama Yowuma (CFU/g) |
| Tsiku 1 | 3.2 × 10⁴ | 1.1 × 10⁴ |
| Tsiku 3 | 8.5 × 10⁵ | 1.3 × 10⁴ (wosasunthika) |
| Tsiku 7 | 2.3×10⁷ (kupyola malire a dziko lonse) | 1.5 × 10⁴ (wosasunthika) |
| Tsiku 14 | - | 2.8×10⁴ (osasunthika) |
Kuyesa Nyama Yowunda Pambuyo Kutha:
Pambuyo pa kusungunuka ndikuyikidwa m'malo a 4 ° C kwa maola 24, chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya chinakwera kufika pa 4.8 × 10⁵ CFU / g, kuyandikira mlingo wa nyama yozizira pa Tsiku 3.
Kumaliza Kwakuyesera
1) Nyama Yozizira: Chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya chimawonjezeka kwambiri pakapita nthawi, kupitirira malire a 1 × 10⁷ CFU/g otchulidwa ku China "National Food Safety Standard" (GB 2707-2016) pofika Tsiku 7.
2) Nyama Yozizira: Kuberekana kwa mabakiteriya kumatsala pang'ono kuima pa -18 ° C, koma mabakiteriya amayambanso mofulumira atatha kusungunuka, ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka.
3) Chiwopsezo cha Mabakiteriya Oyambitsa Matenda: Palibe mabakiteriya owopsa monga Salmonella omwe adapezeka m'gulu lililonse la zitsanzo. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya ochuluka kungayambitse kuwonongeka ndi kununkhiza, kuonjezera chiopsezo cha kumwa.
- Malingaliro Olakwika a Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito ndi Buku la Sayansi Yogulira
Malingaliro olakwika 1: Kodi nyama yoziziritsa ndi yotetezeka kuposa yachisanu?
Choonadi: Chitetezo cha onse awiri zimadalira mikhalidwe yosungirako. Ngati nyama yoziziritsidwa iwonetsedwa pamashelufu am'sitolo kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kusungidwa m'nyumba kwa masiku opitilira atatu, chiwopsezocho chingakhale chachikulu kuposa cha nyama yowundana.
Malingaliro olakwika 2: Kodi nyama yowunda imataya michere yambiri?
Choonadi: Ukadaulo wamakono woziziritsa mwachangu amatha kusunga 90% yazakudya, pomwe nyama yoziziritsa imakonda kutaya mavitamini monga B1 chifukwa cha oxidation ndi enzymatic hydrolysis reaction.
Kugula ndi Kusungirako Malangizo a Sayansi
1) Kwa Nyama Yozizira:
Pogula, yang'anani mtundu wake (wofiira wonyezimira wonyezimira), mawonekedwe ake (onyowa pang'ono komanso osamata), komanso fungo (lopanda fungo lowawasa kapena lotuwa).
Kusungirako kunyumba, sungani nyamayo ndi pulasitiki ndikuyiyika mufiriji yozizira kwambiri (nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi khoma lakumbuyo), kuidya mkati mwa masiku atatu.
2)Kwa Nyama Yozizira:
Sankhani zinthu zokhala ndi makhiristo ochepa oundana komanso zoyika zosawonongeka, kupewa "nyama ya zombie" yomwe idasungunuka ndikuwumitsidwanso.
Mukasungunuka, gwiritsani ntchito njira ya "kutentha pang'onopang'ono": kusuntha kuchokera mufiriji kupita mufiriji kwa maola 12, kenaka zilowerereni m'madzi amchere kuti mutseke.
3)Mfundo Zazikulu:
Muzimutsuka pamwamba pa nyama ndi madzi oyenda musanaphike, koma pewani kuviika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwa mkati kumafika pamwamba pa 75 ° C kuti athetse mabakiteriya.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-04-2025