Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa miyezo ya moyo, ogula akuganizira kwambiri za ubwino ndi chitetezo cha nyama. Monga nyama ziwiri zodziwika bwino, nyama yozizira ndi nyama yozizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala nkhani yokambirana za "kukoma" ndi "chitetezo" chawo. Kodi nyama yozizira ndi yotetezekadi kuposa nyama yozizira? Kodi nyama yozizira imakhala ndi mabakiteriya ambiri chifukwa chosungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali? Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza bwino kusiyana kwa chitetezo pakati pa ziwirizi kudzera mu deta yasayansi yoyesera, kutanthauzira kwa akatswiri, ndi kusanthula momwe nyama imagwiritsidwira ntchito, kupatsa ogula maziko oyenera osankha.
- Nyama Yozizira vs Nyama Yozizira: Kuyerekeza Matanthauzidwe ndi Njira Zokonzera
1)Nyama Yozizira: Yatsopano Yosungidwa Panyengo Yotentha Kwambiri
Nyama yozizira, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nyama yosungidwa yozizira yomwe yachotsedwa lactic acid, imatsatira njira izi:
- Kuziziritsa Mwachangu Pambuyo Popha: Pambuyo popha, nyama yakufayo imaziziritsidwa mofulumira kufika pa 0-4°C mkati mwa maola awiri kuti ilepheretse kuberekana kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Kuchotsa Lactic Acid: Kenako imasiyidwa kuti ipumule pamalo otentha nthawi zonse kwa maola 24-48 kuti iwononge lactic acid, kufewetsa ulusi wa minofu, ndikuwonjezera kukoma.
- Kuyenda kwa Unyolo Wozizira Konse: Kuyambira kukonza mpaka kugulitsa, kutentha kumakhala pakati pa 0-4°C, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala masiku 3-7.
2)Nyama Yozizira: Kuzizira Mwachangu mu "Mkhalidwe Woyambirira"
Mfundo yaikulu pa kukonza nyama yozizira ili mu "ukadaulo wozizira mofulumira":
- Kuzizira Mwachangu: Nyama yatsopano ikaphedwa imazizira mwachangu pamalo ochepera -28°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi amkati mwa maselo apange tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ayezi, zomwe zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ubwino wa nyama.
- Kusunga Kwa Nthawi Yaitali: Ikhoza kusungidwa mufiriji yokhazikika pa -18°C kwa miyezi 6-12 ndipo iyenera kudyedwa mwamsanga mutatha kusungunuka.
Kusiyana Kwakukulu:Nyama yozizira imagogomezera "kukoma kwatsopano komanso kofewa" koma imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa yosungira. Nyama yozizira imasiya kukoma kwina kuti ikhale nthawi yayitali yosungiramo.
- Kuyesa Chiwerengero Chonse cha MabakiteriyaKuyesera: Mavuto Awiri a Nthawi ndi Kutentha
Pofuna kuyerekeza chitetezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mitundu iwiri ya nyama, bungwe loyesa nyama linachita kafukufuku wamagulu pa nkhumba yochokera mu gulu lomwelo, poyesa momwe zinthu zimasungidwira kunyumba:
Kapangidwe Koyesera
- Kugawa Zitsanzo: Nkhumba yatsopano ya nkhumba inagawidwa m'magulu a nyama yozizira (yosungidwa mufiriji pa 0-4°C) ndi nyama yozizira (yosungidwa mufiriji pa -18°C).
- Nthawi Yoyesera: Tsiku 1 (mkhalidwe woyamba), Tsiku 3, Tsiku 7, ndi Tsiku 14 (kwa gulu lozizira lokha).
- Zizindikiro Zoyesera: Chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya (CFU/g), mabakiteriya a coliform, ndi mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda (SalmonellandiStaphylococcus aureus).
Zotsatira Zoyesera
| Nthawi Yoyesera | Chiwerengero Chonse cha Mabakiteriya a Nyama Yozizira (CFU/g) | Chiwerengero Chonse cha Mabakiteriya a Nyama Yozizira (CFU/g) |
| Tsiku 1 | 3.2×10⁴ | 1.1×10⁴ |
| Tsiku lachitatu | 8.5×10⁵ | 1.3×10⁴ (yosadulidwa) |
| Tsiku 7 | 2.3×10⁷ (kupitirira malire a muyezo wa dziko) | 1.5×10⁴ (yosadulidwa) |
| Tsiku 14 | - | 2.8×10⁴ (yosadulidwa) |
Kuyesa Nyama Yozizira Pambuyo Pothira Madzi:
Pambuyo posungunuka ndi kuikidwa pamalo otentha a 4°C kwa maola 24, chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya chinakwera kufika pa 4.8×10⁵ CFU/g, kufika pamlingo wa nyama yozizira pa Tsiku lachitatu.
Mapeto Oyesera
1) Nyama Yozizira: Chiwerengero chonse cha mabakiteriya chimawonjezeka kwambiri pakapita nthawi, kupitirira malire a 1 × 10⁷ CFU/g omwe atchulidwa mu "National Food Safety Standard" ya ku China (GB 2707-2016) pofika Tsiku la 7.
2) Nyama Yozizira: Kuberekana kwa mabakiteriya kumakhala koyima pa -18°C, koma ntchito ya mabakiteriya imayambiranso mwachangu ikasungunuka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuwonongeka kuchepe kwambiri.
3) Kuopsa kwa Mabakiteriya Oyambitsa Matenda: Palibe mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda monga Salmonella omwe adapezeka m'magulu onse awiriwa. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya ambiri kungayambitse kuwonongeka ndi fungo loipa, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chodya.
- Malingaliro Olakwika Okhudza Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Buku Lophunzitsira Zasayansi Zogula
Lingaliro Lolakwika 1Kodi nyama yozizira ndi yotetezeka kuposa nyama yozizira?
ChowonadiChitetezo cha zonsezi chimadalira momwe zimasungidwira. Ngati nyama yozizira ikayikidwa m'mashelefu a masitolo akuluakulu kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kusungidwa m'nyumba kwa masiku opitilira atatu, chiopsezo chingakhale chachikulu kuposa cha nyama yozizira.
Lingaliro Lolakwika 2Kodi nyama yozizira imataya michere yambiri?
Chowonadi: Ukadaulo wamakono wozizira mwachangu umatha kusunga michere yoposa 90%, pomwe nyama yozizira imatha kutaya mavitamini monga B1 chifukwa cha okosijeni ndi ma enzyme hydrolysis reactions.
Malangizo a Sayansi pa Kugula ndi Kusunga
1) Kwa Nyama Yozizira:
Mukamagula, yang'anani mtundu wake (wofiira wowala komanso wonyezimira), kapangidwe kake (konyowa pang'ono komanso kosamata), ndi fungo (lopanda fungo lowawa kapena loipa).
Posungira nyama m'nyumba, tsekani nyamayo ndi pulasitiki ndikuyiyika pamalo ozizira kwambiri mufiriji (nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi khoma lakumbuyo), ndipo idyeni mkati mwa masiku atatu.
2)Kwa Nyama Yozizira:
Sankhani zinthu zokhala ndi ma crystals ochepa a ayezi komanso ma phukusi osawonongeka, pewani "nyama ya zombie" yomwe yasungunuka ndi kuzizira.
Mukasungunuka, gwiritsani ntchito njira ya "kukwera pang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha": kusamutsa kuchokera mufiriji kupita ku firiji kwa maola 12, kenako zilowetseni m'madzi amchere kuti muyeretsedwe.
3)Mfundo Zazikulu:
Tsukani pamwamba pa nyama ndi madzi othamanga musanaphike, koma pewani kuilowetsa m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Onetsetsani kuti kutentha kwa mkati mwa kuphika kukupitirira 75°C kuti mabakiteriya asamagwire ntchito bwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-04-2025