nkhani

I. "Malo Oyera" a Miyezo Yachilengedwe

Potsegula "Malamulo Oyendetsera Chitsimikizo cha Zachilengedwe," Nkhani 7 ya Mutu 2 ikufotokoza momveka bwino mitundu 59 ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo ochokera ku zomera ndi mchere omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo monga azadirachtin ndi pyrethrins akuphatikizidwa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zinthuzi zochotsedwa ku zomera zachilengedwe zimatanthauzidwa kuti ndi "poizoni wochepa," kupopera kwambiri kungayambitsebe zotsalira. Chodetsa nkhawa chachikulu ndichakuti miyezo ya chitsimikizo imakhazikitsa nthawi yoyeretsera nthaka ya miyezi 36, koma ma metabolites a glyphosate ochokera m'mikhalidwe yaulimi wakale amatha kupezekabe m'madzi apansi panthaka m'malo ena ku North China Plain.

Milandu yachlorpyrifosZotsalira zomwe zili mu malipoti oyesera zimakhala chenjezo. Malo amodzi ovomerezeka, pafupi ndi minda yachikhalidwe, adavutika ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo nthawi ya mvula, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti 0.02 mg/kg ya zotsalira za organophosphorus zipezeke m'zitsanzo za sipinachi. "Kuipitsidwa kosasinthika" kumeneku kukuwonetsa kuperewera kwa njira yovomerezeka yomwe ilipo poyang'anira chilengedwe chaulimi, ndikuwononga kuyera kwa ulimi wachilengedwe.

II. Choonadi Chivumbulidwa mu Laboratories

Pogwiritsa ntchito gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, akatswiri amaika malire ozindikira zitsanzo pamlingo wa 0.001 mg/kg. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti 90% ya zitsanzo zabwino zinali ndi milingo yotsalira yokha 1/50 mpaka 1/100 ya zomwe zili mu ndiwo zamasamba wamba, zomwe zikufanana ndi kuponya madontho awiri a inki mu dziwe losambira lokhazikika. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wamakono wozindikira kwathandiza kuti mamolekyu agwire pamlingo wa 1 pa biliyoni imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "zotsalira za zero" zikhale ntchito yosatheka.

Kuvuta kwa maunyolo oipitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana n'kosayerekezeka. Kuipitsidwa kwa malo osungiramo zinthu chifukwa cha magalimoto oyendera omwe sanatsukidwe bwino kumabweretsa 42% ya kuchuluka kwa ngozi, pomwe kuipitsidwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusakanikirana kwa malo osungiramo zinthu kumakhudza 31%. Choopsa kwambiri n'chakuti, maantibayotiki osakanikirana ndi feteleza wachilengedwe pamapeto pake amalowa m'maselo a masamba kudzera mu kusonkhanitsa kwa biochemical.

III. Njira Yoyenera Yomangiranso Chidaliro

Poyang'anizana ndi lipoti loyesa, mlimi wachilengedwe adawonetsa "njira yawo yodziwira momwe zinthu zilili poyera": Khodi ya QR pa phukusi lililonse imalola kufunsa chiŵerengero cha kusakaniza kwa Bordeaux komwe kwagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malipoti oyesa nthaka pamakilomita atatu ozungulira. Njira iyi yoika njira zopangira poyera ikubwezeretsa chidaliro cha ogula.

Akatswiri odziwa za chitetezo cha chakudya amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyeretsera katatu: kuviika m'madzi a baking soda kuti muwononge mankhwala ophera tizilombo osungunuka mafuta, kugwiritsa ntchito chotsukira cha ultrasound kuti muchotse ma adsorbates pamwamba, ndikuchipukuta kwa masekondi 5 pa 100°C kuti muchepetse ma enzymes achilengedwe. Njirazi zitha kuchotsa 97.6% ya zotsalira zochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chikhale cholimba kwambiri.

Deta yoyesera ya labu siyenera kukhala chigamulo chokana kufunika kwa ulimi wachilengedwe. Tikayerekeza 0.008 mg/kg ya zotsalira za chlorpyrifos ndi 1.2 mg/kg zomwe zapezeka mu udzu winawake wamba, tikhozabe kuona kugwira ntchito bwino kwa njira zopangira zachilengedwe pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mwina chiyero chenicheni sichili mu zero yeniyeni, koma mu kuyandikira zero nthawi zonse, zomwe zimafuna opanga, olamulira, ndi ogula kuti agwirizane kupanga netiweki yolimba kwambiri.