nkhani

1. Kusintha Kwamphamvu kwa Nitrite

Pogwiritsa ntchito spectrophotometry kuwunika mosalekeza njira yowotchera, kuyesako kudawulula mawonekedwe a "double-peak curve" muzinthu za nitrite. Pa gawo loyambirira (maola 0-24), mabakiteriya ochepetsa nitrate adasintha mwachangu nitrate m'masamba kukhala nitrite, spiking milingo kufika 48 mg/kg. Mu gawo lachiwiri (masiku 3-5), kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya a lactic acid pang'onopang'ono kunawola nitrite, kubweretsanso milingo yotetezeka. Makamaka, kutentha kulikonse kwa 5 ° C kumachulukitsa kupangika kwapamwamba ndi maola 12-18.

Kuyerekeza ndi kimchi yamalonda kunasonyeza kuti kupanga mafakitale, kupyolera mu kuwongolera bwino kwa mikhalidwe (1.5% -2.5% salinity, 15-20 ° C), kumachepetsa nsonga za nitrite pansi pa 32 mg / kg. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kimchi zodzipangira kunyumba, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasowa kuwongolera kutentha, nthawi zonse zimapitirira 40 mg / kg, zomwe zimasonyeza kuopsa kwa chitetezo chapamwamba pazochitika zapakhomo.

2. Mfundo Zowongolera Zovuta

Kuchuluka kwa mchere kumathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa tizilombo. Pa mchere wochepera 1%, mabakiteriya ochepetsa mphamvu ya nitrate ndi ochepetsa nitrate amakula bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nsonga zam'mbuyo komanso zapamwamba za nitrite. Kuyeserako kudazindikira 2.5% ya mchere ngati mulingo woyenera kwambiri, kupondereza bwino mabakiteriya owopsa pomwe amathandizira kagayidwe ka bacteria wa lactic acid.

Kuwongolera kutentha ndikofunikanso. Kuwotchera pa 20 ° C kumasonyeza kukhazikika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kutentha kwa pamwamba pa 25 ° C kumathandizira kupesa koma kumawonjezera kuopsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pamene pansi pa 10 ° C kumawonjezera nthawi yachitetezo mpaka masiku oposa 20. Pakuwotchera m'nyumba, kuwongolera kutentha kumalimbikitsidwa: 18-22 ° C kwa masiku atatu oyamba, ndikutsatiridwa ndi firiji.

Kukonzekera koyambirira kumakhudza kwambiri zotsatira. Kuyatsa kabichi kwa masekondi 30 kunachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrate ndi 43%, kutsitsa nsonga yomaliza ya nitrite ndi 27%. Kuonjezera zosakaniza zokhala ndi vitamini C (mwachitsanzo, tsabola watsopano kapena magawo a mandimu) kumachepetsanso nsonga ndi 15% -20%.

3. Njira Zosavuta Zogwiritsira Ntchito

Kutengera ndi data yoyesera, nthawi yowotchera imatha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu:

Nthawi yowopsa (masiku 2-5):Mlingo wa nitrite umaposa muyezo wachitetezo waku China (20 mg/kg) ndi 2-3 nthawi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kuyenera kupewedwa.

Nthawi ya kusintha (masiku 6-10):Miyezo imatsika pang'onopang'ono mpaka pafupi ndi malo otetezeka.

Nthawi yachitetezo (pambuyo pa tsiku 10):Nitrite imakhazikika pansi pa 5 mg/kg, imawonedwa ngati yotetezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito.

Njira zokometsedwaakhoza kuchepetsa zoopsa:

A gradient salting njira (2.5% koyamba mchere, kuchuluka kwa 3% kenako) pamodzi inoculating 5% okalamba brine amafupikitsa ngozi nthawi 36 hours.

Kukondoweza pafupipafupi kuti muyambitse kuwonongeka kwa nitrite kwa okosijeni ndi 40%.

Pakuwonetseredwa mwangozi kwa nitrite, njira zowongolera zidawoneka zogwira mtima:

Kuonjezera 0.1% vitamini C ufa kwa maola 6 kumachepetsa nitrite ndi 60%.

Kusakaniza ndi adyo watsopano (3% kulemera kwake) kunapeza zotsatira zofanana.

Kafukufukuyu akutsimikizira kuti kuwopsa kwazakudya zopangira tokha ndizotheka komanso kutha kulamuliridwa. Pomvetsetsa mphamvu ya nitrite ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera - monga kusunga mchere wa 2.5%, kuwongolera kutentha kwanthawi yayitali, komanso kusamalidwa bwino - ogula amatha kusangalala ndi zakudya zachikhalidwe zotupitsa. Kusunga "chipika cha fermentation" kuti muwone kutentha, nthawi, ndi zina zimalangizidwa, kusintha machitidwe akukhitchini kukhala machitidwe odziwa zasayansi, odziwa zoopsa.