nkhani

1. Kusintha kwa Mphamvu kwa Nitrite

Pogwiritsa ntchito spectrophotometry kuti ayang'anire nthawi zonse njira yophikira, kuyeseraku kunavumbula "double-peak curve" ya nitrite. Pa gawo loyamba (maola 0-24), mabakiteriya ochepetsa nitrate anasintha mwachangu nitrates mu ndiwo zamasamba kukhala nitrite, zomwe zinafika pa 48 mg/kg. Mu gawo lachiwiri (masiku 3-5), kuchuluka kwa mabakiteriya a lactic acid kunawononga nitrite pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zinabweretsa milingo ku malo otetezeka. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 5°C mu kutentha kozungulira kunathandizira kupanga nsonga ndi maola 12-18.

Kuyerekeza ndi kimchi yogulitsa kunasonyeza kuti kupanga mafakitale, kudzera mu kuwongolera bwino momwe zinthu zilili (1.5%–2.5% mchere, 15–20°C), kumachepetsa nsonga za nitrite kufika pansi pa 32 mg/kg. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kimchi yopangidwa kunyumba, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda kutentha, nthawi zonse imapitirira 40 mg/kg, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti pali zoopsa zambiri pa ntchito zapakhomo.

2. Mfundo Zofunika Zowongolera

Kuchuluka kwa mchere kumachita gawo lalikulu pakulinganiza bwino kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pakakhala mchere wochepera 1%, mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda ndi kuchepetsa nitrate amakula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nitrite ikhale yoyambirira komanso yokwera. Kuyeseraku kunapeza kuti 2.5% ya mchere ndi yomwe ingathandize kwambiri, poletsa mabakiteriya owopsa komanso kuthandizira kagayidwe ka mabakiteriya a lactic acid.

Kulamulira kutentha n'kofunika kwambiri. Kuphika pa 20°C kunasonyeza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri. Kutentha kopitirira 25°C kunapangitsa kuti kuphika kukhale kosavuta koma kunawonjezera chiopsezo cha kusalinganika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pomwe kochepera 10°C kunawonjezera nthawi yotetezeka mpaka masiku opitirira 20. Pa kuphika kunyumba, kuwongolera kutentha pang'onopang'ono kumalimbikitsidwa: 18–22°C kwa masiku atatu oyamba, kutsatiridwa ndi kuzizira.

Kukonza kabichi kwa masekondi 30 kunachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrate koyamba ndi 43%, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrite komaliza ndi 27%. Kuwonjezera zosakaniza zokhala ndi vitamini C (monga tsabola watsopano kapena magawo a mandimu) kunachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa nitrate ndi 15%–20%.

3. Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Motetezeka

Kutengera ndi deta yoyesera, nthawi yophika ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu:

Nthawi yoopsa (masiku 2-5):Mlingo wa nitrite umaposa muyezo wa chitetezo wa ku China (20 mg/kg) ndi nthawi ziwiri kapena zitatu. Kumwa kuyenera kupewedwa.

Nthawi yosinthira (masiku 6-10):Milingo imatsika pang'onopang'ono kufika pamlingo wotetezeka.

Nthawi yotetezeka (pambuyo pa tsiku la 10):Nitrite imakhazikika pansi pa 5 mg/kg, ndipo imaonedwa kuti ndi yotetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Njira zabwino kwambiriakhoza kuchepetsa zoopsa:

Njira yothira mchere pang'ono (2.5% ya mchere woyambirira, kuwonjezeredwa kufika pa 3% pambuyo pake) pamodzi ndi kubaya madzi amchere okalamba a 5% kumafupikitsa nthawi yoopsa kufika pa maola 36.

Kusakaniza nthawi zonse kuti muwonjezere kuonda kwa nitrite ndi 40%.

Pa ngozi yokhala ndi nitrite yambiri, njira zochiritsira zinagwira ntchito:

Kuonjezera ufa wa 0.1% wa vitamini C kwa maola 6 kunachepetsa nitrite ndi 60%.

Kusakaniza ndi adyo watsopano (3% potengera kulemera) kunapeza zotsatira zofanana.

Kafukufukuyu akutsimikizira kuti zoopsa zomwe zimapezeka muzakudya zopangidwa ndi thovu zimadziwikiratu komanso zimatha kusinthidwa. Mwa kumvetsetsa momwe nitrite imagwirira ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera molondola—monga kusunga mchere wa 2.5%, kuyang'anira kutentha pang'onopang'ono, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosakaniza musanagwiritse ntchito—ogula amatha kusangalala ndi zakudya zophikidwa ndi thovu. Kusunga "chikalata cholembera cha thovu" kuti muzitsatira kutentha, nthawi, ndi zina kumalangizidwa, kusintha machitidwe akukhitchini kukhala machitidwe odziwa bwino zasayansi komanso odziwa zoopsa.