I te mea kei te piki haere te para kai o te ao, kua rongonui ngā kai tata-paunga mō ngā kaihoko i Ūropi, Amerika, Āhia, me ētahi atu rohe nā te mea he iti te utu. Heoi, i te mea kua tata te rā paunga o te kai, kei te whakahaeretia tonutia te mōrearea o te poke o ngā huakita? Me pēhea te tautuhi a ngā paerewa haumaru kai i ngā whenua rerekē i te haumaru o ngā kai tata-paunga? Ka tātarihia e tēnei tuhinga te tūnga haumaru huakita o nāianei o ngā kai tata-paunga i runga i ngā raraunga whakamātautau o te ao, ā, ka whakaratohia he taunakitanga hoko pūtaiao mō ngā kaihoko o te ao.
1. Te Tūnga o te Mākete o te Ao me ngā Rerekētanga Ture o ngā Kai Tata-Paunga
Ko te tikanga, ko ngā kai tata-paunga e pā ana ki ngā hua e toe ana te kotahi hautoru ki te haurua o ō rātou oranga papa, e kitea ana i ngā wāhanga utu whakaheke o te hūpermakete, i ngā toa utu whakaheke motuhake rānei. He rerekē ngā kaupapa here ture mō ngā kai tata-paunga puta noa i ngā whenua:
Te Kotahitanga o Ūropi (EU):Me whakatakoto he tapanga "whakamahia i mua i te" (te rā kati mō te haumaru) me te "pai i mua i te" (te rā kati mō te kounga). Kāore e whakaaetia te hoko kai e tata ana ki te rā "whakamahia i mua i te".
Te Hononga o Amerika:Haunga ngā miraka pēpi, kāore ngā ture ā-motu e hiahia ana ki ngā rā paunga, engari me whakarite e ngā kaihokohoko te haumaru o te kai.
Hapani:E akiaki ana te "Ture Whakatairanga i te Whakaiti Para Kai" i ngā hokonga utu iti mō ngā kai e tata ana te paunga, engari me whakamātau tonu.
Haina:Whai muri i te whakatinanatanga o te "Ture Whakakore i te Para Kai" i te tau 2021, kua whakatūria e ngā hūpāmakete nui ētahi wāhanga motuhake mō ngā kai e tata pau ana te kai, engari kei te rite tonu ngā paerewa whakamātautau moroiti ki ngā hua hou.
2. Ngā Paerewa Whakamātautau Haumaru moroiti e Mōhiotia ana e te Ao
E ai ki ngā aratohu a teKomihana Kai o te Codex (Codex), te US FDA, me te EU EFSA, me aroturukitia ngā kai e tata ana te paunga mō ēnei tohu matua e whai ake nei:
Tapeke Tapeke o te Whakamahinga Hau (TAC):E whakaatu ana i te nui o te pirau o te kai; ki te hipa i ngā taumata e hiahiatia ana, ka pāngia pea te mate korere.
Ngā huakita Coliform:He tohu mō ngā āhuatanga akuaku, ā, e pā ana ki ngā mōrearea o ngā mate urutā pēnei i teSalmonella.
Te pokepokea ai me te rewena:He mea noa i roto i ngā taiao haumākū, ā, ka puta pea he paitini (hei tauira,ngā aflatoxins).
Ngā mate urutā:Kei roto ko te Listeria (ka tupu i ngā pāmahana iti) me te Staphylococcus aureus.
3. Ngā Raraunga Whakamātautau Whakawhiti-Rohe: Te Paepae Haumaru o te Kai Tata-Paunga
I te tau 2025, i mahi tahi te International Consumer Research & Testing (ICRT) me ngā taiwhanga i ngā whenua maha ki te whakamātautau i ngā momo kai e ono e tata ana ki te pau, ā, ko ngā hua e whai ake nei:
| Kāwai Kai | Tawhā Whakamātautau | Te Herenga Haumaru o te Ao | Te Reiti Hinga i roto i ngā Kai Tata-Paunga |
| Miraka Whakamātao (Tiamana) | Tapeke Tapeke o te Tapeke Aerobic | ≤10⁵ CFU/mL | 12% |
| Huamata Kua Tākaihia (US) | Ngā Huakita Koriform | ≤100 CFU/g | 18% |
| Heihei Kua Rite ki te Kai (UK) | Rīhiteria | Kāore i Kitea | 5% |
| Ngā Paramanawa Nati (Haina) | pokepokea ai | ≤50 CFU/g | 8% |
Ngā Kitenga Matua:
Ngā Kāwai Mōrearea-Tiketike:Ko ngā mīti kua rite ki te kai, ngā hua miraka, me ngā kai kua takaia, i whakaatu i te reiti nui ake o te horapa o ngā huakita.
Pānga o te Pāmahana Rokiroki:E toru ngā whakarea o te mōrearea o ngā kai kāore i rongoatia ki roto i te pouaka whakamātao ki te takahi i ngā tikanga kua whakaritea.
Ngā Rerekētanga o te Tākai:He nui ake te haumaru o ngā kai i roto i te takai korehau i ngā mea i roto i te takai tikanga.
4. Ngā Take Matua e Pā Ana ki te Haumaru o ngā Kai Tata-Paunga
Te Whakahaere i te Mekameka Tuku:Ka tere ake te tipu o ngā moroiti nā te piki me te heke o te pāmahana i te wā e kawe ana (hei tauira, ngā mekameka makariri kua whati).
Te Hanganga o te Kai:Ka ngāwari ake te horapa o ngā huakita ki ngā kai he nui te pūmua (mīti) me ngā kai he nui te makuku (miraka miraka).
Āhuarangi ā-Rohe:Ko ngā kai e tata pau ana te kai, he nui ake te mōrearea o te harore ki ngā rohe pāmahana teitei me te makuku nui (hei tauira, te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti o Āhia).
5. Ngā Aratohu Kaihoko o te Ao mō te Hoko Haumaru
Tirohia ngā Tapanga me ngā Tikanga Rokiroki:
Whakaritea ngā kai maroke kua tohua ko "pai i mua i te" (hei tauira, ngā pihikete, ngā kai kēne).
Āta karohia ngā hua miraka me ngā hua mīti e tata ana te paunga kāore i rongoatia i raro i te pouaka whakamātao.
Tirotiro Pūoro:
Maka atu tonu atu ngā kai kua pupuhi te takai, kua turuturu, kua poke, kua haunga pirau rānei.
Te Mōhiotanga ki ngā Mōrearea ā-Rohe:
Ūropi me Amerika:Kia tūpato ki te Listeria (he mea noa i roto i ngā kai kua rite ki te kai).
Āhia:Kia tūpato ki ngā paitini kino (hei tauira, ngā paitini aflatoxin i roto i te raihi me ngā nati).
6. Ngā Taunakitanga mō ngā Ture me ngā Ahumahi o te Ao
Whakapūmau i ngā Paearu Whakamātautau:Tautokohia te Codex kia whakatū i ngā herenga moroiti motuhake mō ngā kai e tata ana te paunga.
Auahatanga Hangarau:Whakatairangahia te tākai atamai (hei tauira, ngā tohu wā-mahana).
Te Kawenga Pakihi:Me whakatinana e ngā kaihokohoko ngā pūnaha whakamātautau hihiri mō ngā kai e tata ana te paunga.
Whakamutunga: Te Whakataurite i te Haumaru me te Oranga Tonu
Mā te whakatairanga i ngā kai e tata pau ana te kai ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā para kai o te ao, engari he wero nui tonu te haumaru o ngā moroiti. Me whiriwhiri ngā kaihoko i runga i ngā ture ā-rohe me ngā raraunga pūtaiao, me mahi tahi te ao whānui ki te whakapai ake i ngā paerewa, me te whakarite kia tino noho tahi te "penapena" me te "haumarutanga".
Whakamaumahara Whakamutunga:Mō te haumaru o te kai, kaua rawa te "utu iti" e whakamana i te whakaae noa - ina koa mō ngā momo mōrearea nui pēnei i te kai pēpi me ngā kai kua rite ki te kai, me tūpato tonu i ngā wā katoa.
Wā tuku: Mei-20-2025