ngā purongo

I. Te "Rohe Hina" o ngā Paerewa Ora

I te whakatuwheratanga o "Ngā Ture mō te Whakatinanatanga o te Tiwhikete Hua Waro," e whakamārama ana te Tuhinga 7 o te Upoko 2 i ngā momo patu pepeke e 59 o ngā tipu me ngā kohuke e whakaaetia ana kia whakamahia. Kei roto nui ngā patu pepeke koiora pērā i te azadirachtin me te pyrethrins. Ahakoa e kiia ana ēnei matū i tangohia mai i ngā tipu tūturu he "iti te paitini," ka arahi tonu pea te rehu nui ki ngā toenga. Ko te mea nui ake ko te wā horoi oneone e whakatakotoria ana e ngā paerewa tiwhikete he 36 marama te roa, engari ka taea tonu te kite i ngā matū kino glyphosate mai i ngā huringa ahuwhenua o mua i roto i te wai whenua i ētahi turanga i te Mania o Te Tai Tokerau o Haina.

Ngā take ote kōropirifoHe whakatūpato te toenga i roto i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau. Kotahi te pūtake whaimana, e tata ana ki ngā whenua ahuwhenua tuku iho, i pāngia e te parahanga rere o ngā pesticides i te wā ua, ā, i kitea ai te 0.02 mg/kg o te toenga organophosphorus i roto i ngā tauira pīnihi. Mā tēnei "parahanga kore mahi" ka kitea te koretake o te pūnaha whaimana o nāianei ki te aroturuki hihiri i te taiao ahuwhenua, ka pakaru te kapiti o te parakore o te ahuwhenua rauropi.

II. Te Pono i Huakia i roto i ngā Taiwhanga

I te whakamahi i te ine ira-papatipu hau, ka whakatakotohia e ngā tohunga hangarau te rohenga kitenga mō ngā tauira i te taumata 0.001 mg/kg. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ko te 90% o ngā tauira pai he 1/50 ki te 1/100 noa iho ngā taumata toenga o ērā i roto i ngā huawhenua tuku iho, he rite ki te maturuturu i ngā pata waituhi e rua ki roto i te puna kaukau paerewa. Heoi, nā ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau kitenga hou kua taea te hopu i ngā ngota ngota i te taumata kotahi-i-te-piriona, ka waiho te "kore toenga" tino kore e taea te mahi.

Kāore e taea te whakaaro ki te uaua o ngā mekameka whakawhiti-parahanga. Ko te parahanga o te whare putunga nā ngā waka kawe kāore i horoia rawatia te take, ko te 42% ia o ngā reiti aituā, ko te parahanga pā i puta mai i te whakatakotoranga whakaranu i runga i ngā whata hūpāmakete te take. He mea huna ake, ka uru ngā paturopi i konatunatua ki roto i ētahi rauemi mata tongi rauropi ki ngā pūtau huawhenua mā te kohikohinga koiora.

III. He Ara Whaitake ki te Hanga Anō i te Whakawhirinakitanga

I te aroaro o te pūrongo whakamātautau, i whakaatuhia e tētahi kaiahuwhenua rauropi tā rātou "pūnaha whai mārama": Mā te waehere QR i runga i ia kete ka taea te uiui i te ōwehenga o te ranunga Bordeaux i whakamahia me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau oneone mō ngā kiromita e toru huri noa. Ko tēnei huarahi o te whakatakoto i ngā tukanga whakaputa ki te wāhi tuwhera kei te hanga anō i te whakapono o ngā kaihoko.

E taunaki ana ngā tohunga haumaru kai kia whakamahia he "tikanga purenga toru": te rumakina ki te wai houra tunutunu hei wawahi i ngā patu pepeke wairewa-ngako, te whakamahi i te horoi ultrasonic hei tango i ngā mea e mimiti ana i te mata, me te whakamakuku mō te 5 hēkona i te 100°C hei whakakore i ngā whākōkī koiora. Ka taea e ēnei tikanga te whakakore i te 97.6% o ngā toenga iti, ka kaha ake te raina parepare hauora.

Kaua ngā raraunga whakamātautau taiwhanga e waiho hei whakatau whakahē i te uara o te ahuwhenua rauropi. Ina whakaritea te 0.008 mg/kg o te toenga chlorpyrifos ki te 1.2 mg/kg i kitea i roto i te herewi tikanga, ka kitea tonu te whai huatanga nui o ngā pūnaha whakaputa rauropi ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o ngā patupatu. Tērā pea kāore te parakore tūturu e takoto ana i te kore tino, engari i te whakatata tonu ki te kore, e hiahia ana ngā kaihanga, ngā kaiwhakahaere, me ngā kaihoko ki te whatu tahi i tētahi whatunga kounga kaha ake.