Hamwe no kuzamura imibereho, abaguzi barushaho kwita ku bwiza n’umutekano w’inyama. Nkibicuruzwa bibiri byingenzi bikomoka ku nyama, inyama zikonje hamwe ninyama zafunzwe bikunze kugibwaho impaka kubyerekeye "uburyohe" n "umutekano". Ese inyama zikonje zifite umutekano kuruta inyama zafunzwe? Inyama zikonje zibika bagiteri nyinshi kubera kubika igihe kirekire? Iyi ngingo isesengura byimazeyo itandukaniro ryumutekano hagati yibi byombi hifashishijwe amakuru yubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, gusobanura impuguke, hamwe nisesengura ryibicuruzwa, biha abakiriya ishingiro ryumvikana ryo guhitamo.
- Inyama zikonje ninyama zikonje: Kugereranya ibisobanuro nuburyo bwo gutunganya
1)Inyama zikonje: Ubushyuhe bubitswe ku bushyuhe buke Mubikorwa byose
Inyama zikonje, zizwi kandi nk'inyama zabitswe zikonje zimaze gukurwaho aside ya lactique, zikurikiza izi ntambwe:
- Gukonja Byihuse Nyuma yo Kwica: Nyuma yo kubaga, umurambo ukonjeshwa vuba kugeza kuri 0-4 ° C mumasaha 2 kugirango ubuze mikorobe.
- Kurandura Acide Lactique: Noneho hasigaye kuruhuka ahantu h'ubushyuhe buhoraho mumasaha 24-48 kugirango ubore aside lactique, koroshya imitsi, no kongera uburyohe.
- Gutwara iminyururu ikonje Muri rusange: Kuva gutunganya kugeza kugurisha, ubushyuhe bugumaho hagati ya 0-4 ° C, hamwe nubuzima busanzwe bwiminsi 3-7.
2)Inyama zikonje: Ifunga ryihuta muri "Leta yumwimerere"
Intandaro yo gutunganya inyama zafunzwe ziri muri "tekinoroji yo gukonjesha byihuse":
- Gukonjesha byihuse: Inyama nziza nyuma yo kubagwa zihita zikonjeshwa ahantu munsi ya -28 ° C, bigatuma amazi yo mu nda adakora uduce duto duto twa barafu, bikagabanya kwangiza ubwiza bwinyama.
- Ububiko bwigihe kirekire: Irashobora kubikwa mumashanyarazi ahoraho kuri -18 ° C mumezi 6-12 kandi igomba gukoreshwa vuba bishoboka nyuma yo gushonga.
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi:Inyama zikonje zishimangira "uburyohe bushya kandi bwiza" ariko ifite idirishya rigufi. Inyama zikonje zitamba uburyohe bwigihe kirekire.
- Ikizamini Cyuzuye cya BagiteriUbushakashatsi: Ikibazo cya kabiri cyigihe nubushyuhe
Kugereranya umutekano wa mikorobe yubwoko bubiri bwinyama, ikigo cyapimwe cyemewe cyakoze ubushakashatsi bwitsinda ryingurube kuva murwego rumwe, bigereranya ububiko bwurugo:
Igishushanyo mbonera
- Icyitegererezo cy'itsinda: Ingurube nshya y'ingurube yagabanijwemo itsinda ry'inyama zikonje (zikonjeshwa kuri 0-4 ° C) hamwe n'itsinda ry'inyama ryakonje (ryakonje kuri -18 ° C).
- Ikizamini cyo Kugerageza Igihe: Umunsi wa 1 (leta yambere), Umunsi wa 3, Umunsi wa 7, nuwumunsi wa 14 (gusa kubitsinda ryakonje).
- Ibipimo byo Kwipimisha: Umubare wa bagiteri zose (CFU / g), bacteri za coliform, na bagiteri zitera indwara (SalmonellanaStaphylococcus aureus).
Ibisubizo by'igerageza
| Igihe cyo Kugerageza | Umubare wa Bagiteri Yuzuye Inyama Zakonje (CFU / g) | Umubare wa Bagiteri Yuzuye Inyama Zikonje (CFU / g) |
| Umunsi wa 1 | 3.2 × 10⁴ | 1.1 × 10⁴ |
| Umunsi wa 3 | 8.5 × 10⁵ | 1.3 × 10⁴ (idakorewe) |
| Umunsi wa 7 | 2.3 × 10⁷ (kurenga imipaka yigihugu) | 1.5 × 10⁴ (idakorewe) |
| Umunsi wa 14 | - | 2.8 × 10⁴ (idakorewe) |
Gupima Inyama Zikonje Nyuma yo Gukona:
Nyuma yo gushonga no gushyirwa ahantu 4 ° C mumasaha 24, umubare wa bagiteri zose wazamutse ugera kuri 4.8 × 10⁵ CFU / g, wegera urwego rwinyama zikonje kumunsi wa 3.
Umwanzuro w'igerageza
1) Inyama zikonje: Umubare wa bagiteri zose wiyongera cyane mugihe, urenga igipimo cya 1 × 10⁷ CFU / g cyerekanwe mu Bushinwa "Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa" (GB 2707-2016) kugeza ku munsi wa 7.
2) Inyama zikonje: Imyororokere ya bagiteri irahagarara kuri -18 ° C, ariko ibikorwa bya bagiteri birasubukurwa vuba nyuma yo gukonja, byihuta kwangirika.
3) Ingaruka ziterwa na bagiteri: Nta bagiteri itera indwara nka Salmonella yagaragaye muri buri tsinda ry'icyitegererezo. Nyamara, umubare mwinshi wa bagiteri ushobora gutera kwangirika no kunuka, bikongera ibyago byo kurya.
- Gukoresha Ibitari byo hamwe nubuyobozi bwo kugura ubumenyi
Ibitekerezo 1: Inyama zikonje byanze bikunze zifite umutekano kuruta inyama zafunzwe?
Ukuri: Umutekano wa byombi biterwa nuburyo bwo kubika. Niba inyama zikonje zerekanwe kumasoko ya supermarket igihe kirekire cyangwa zibitswe murugo muminsi irenga itatu, ibyago birashobora kuba byinshi kurenza inyama zafunzwe.
Ibitekerezo 2: Ese inyama zafunzwe zigira intungamubiri zikomeye?
Ukuri.
Kugura ubumenyi no kubika ibyifuzo
1) Inyama zikonje:
Mugihe ugura, witegereze ibara (umutuku wera ufite gloss), imiterere (itose gato kandi idafatanye), numunuko (utarimo impumuro nziza cyangwa yuzuye).
Kubika urugo, funga inyama ukoresheje plastike hanyuma uyishyire mubice bikonje bya firigo (mubisanzwe hafi yurukuta rwinyuma), uyikoreshe muminsi itatu.
2)Ku nyama zikonje:
Hitamo ibicuruzwa bifite ibara rya kirisiti ntoya hamwe nudupfunyika twangiritse, wirinde "inyama zombie" zashonzwe kandi zikonjeshwa.
Mugihe cyo gukonjesha, koresha uburyo "buhoro buhoro kuzamuka kwubushyuhe": kwimura muri firigo muri firigo mugihe cyamasaha 12, hanyuma ushire mumazi yumunyu kugirango uhindurwe.
3)Amahame rusange:
Koza hejuru yinyama n'amazi atemba mbere yo guteka, ariko wirinde gushiramo igihe kinini.
Menya neza ko ubushyuhe bwo guteka imbere bugera hejuru ya 75 ° C kugirango udakora neza bagiteri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2025