Mu gihe ibibazo by’umutekano w’ibiribwa bikomeje kwiyongera, ubwoko bushya bw’ibikoresho byo gupima bushingiye kuIsuzuma ry’imyunyungugu rifitanye isano na enzyme (ELISA)Iri kugenda riba igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu bijyanye no gupima umutekano w'ibiribwa. Ntabwo ritanga gusa uburyo bunoze kandi bunoze bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibiribwa ahubwo rinashyiraho umurongo uhamye wo kurinda umutekano w'ibiribwa by'abaguzi.
Ihame ry'ikigega cya ELISA ni ugukoresha uburyo bwihariye bwo guhuza antigen na antibody kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ingano y'ibintu byibandwaho mu biribwa binyuze mu iterambere ry'amabara ya substrate ya enzymes. Uburyo ikora ni bworoshye kandi ifite umwihariko n'ubushobozi bwo kumva, bigatuma hamenyekana neza kandi hagapimwa ibintu byangiza mu biribwa, nka aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, naUburozi bwa T-2.
Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwihariye bwo gukora, agakoresho k'ibizamini bya ELISA gasanzwe karimo intambwe zikurikira:
1. Gutegura icyitegererezo: Ubwa mbere, icyitegererezo cy'ibiryo kigomba gupimwa kigomba gutunganywa neza, nko gukurura no gutunganya, kugira ngo haboneke umuti w'icyitegererezo ushobora gukoreshwa mu kugitahura.
2. Kongeramo icyitegererezo: Umuti w'icyitegererezo watunganyijwe wongerwa ku byobo byabugenewe biri ku isahani ya ELISA, buri cyobo kikaba gihuye n'ikintu kigomba gupimwa.
3. Gutera: Isahani ya ELISA irimo ingero zongeweho ishyirwa ku bushyuhe bukwiye mu gihe runaka kugira ngo habeho guhuza neza hagati ya antigens na antibody.
4. Gukaraba: Nyuma yo gukaraba, umuti wo gukaraba ukoreshwa mu gukuraho antigens cyangwa antibodies zidafite aho ziboheye, bigabanye ukwivanga kw'ibintu bitari bimwe.
5.Kongeramo no guteza imbere ibara: Umuti w’uruvange wongerwa kuri buri ruziga, maze enzyme iri kuri antibody ifite label ya enzyme igatera imbaraga uruvange kugira ngo rugire ibara, bigatuma habaho ibara.
6. Igipimo: Agaciro k'umusaruro w'ibara muri buri mwobo gapimirwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho nka ELISA reader. Ibikubiye mu kintu kigomba gupimwa bibarwa hashingiwe ku murongo usanzwe.
Hari ingero nyinshi z’ibikoresho byo gupima ELISA bikoreshwa mu gupima umutekano w’ibiribwa. Urugero, mu gihe cyo kugenzura umutekano w’ibiribwa no kugenzura ingero z’ibicuruzwa, inzego zishinzwe kugenzura isoko zakoresheje ibikoresho byo gupima ELISA kugira ngo zimenye vuba kandi neza urugero rw’uburozi bwa aflatoxin B1 mu mavuta y’ibishyimbo akorwa n’uruganda rukora amavuta. Ingamba zikwiye zo guhana zafashwe vuba, zikumira ko ibyo bintu byangiza bishobora gushyira mu kaga abaguzi.
Byongeye kandi, bitewe nuko byoroshye gukora, gukora neza no kwizerwa, agakoresho ko gupima ka ELISA gakoreshwa cyane mu gupima umutekano w'ibiribwa bitandukanye nk'ibikomoka mu mazi, inyama n'ibikomoka ku mata. Ntabwo bigabanya gusa igihe cyo kubitahura no kunoza imikorere, ahubwo binatanga inkunga ikomeye ya tekiniki ku nzego zishinzwe kugenzura kugira ngo zongere ubugenzuzi ku isoko ry'ibiribwa.
Bitewe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ikoranabuhanga no kwiyongera k’ubumenyi ku mutekano w’ibiribwa mu bantu, ibikoresho byo gupima ELISA bizagira uruhare runini mu bijyanye no gupima umutekano w’ibiribwa. Mu gihe kiri imbere, dutegereje ko hakomeza kugaragara udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, dufatanyije guteza imbere iterambere rikomeye ry’inganda zishinzwe umutekano w’ibiribwa no gutanga garanti ikomeye y’umutekano w’ibiribwa by’abaguzi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 12-2024