Mu gihe habayeho kwiyongera kw'imyanda y'ibiribwa ku isi, ibiryo biri hafi kurangira byabaye amahitamo akunzwe n'abaguzi bo mu Burayi, Amerika, Aziya, n'ahandi bitewe n'uko bihendutse. Ariko, uko ibiryo byegereza itariki ntarengwa, ese ibyago byo kwandura mikorobe biracyagenzurwa? Ni gute amahame agenga umutekano w'ibiribwa mu bihugu bitandukanye asobanura umutekano w'ibiryo biri hafi kurangira? Iyi nkuru isesengura uko umutekano w'ibiryo biri hafi kurangira uhagaze hashingiwe ku makuru mpuzamahanga y'ibizamini kandi igatanga inama za siyansi ku bicuruzwa ku isi.
1. Imiterere y'Isoko ry'Isi n'Itandukaniro ry'Amabwiriza ku Biryo Bigiye Gushira
Ibiryo birenza igihe bikunze kuba ari ibicuruzwa bisigaye kimwe cya gatatu cyangwa kimwe cya kabiri cy'igihe bimara, akenshi biboneka mu maduka agurisha ibiciro ku masoko cyangwa mu maduka yihariye agurisha ibiciro ku bicuruzwa. Politiki y'amategeko agenga ibiryo birenza igihe bihinduka cyane mu bihugu bitandukanye:
Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU):Gushyiraho ikimenyetso cy’itegeko cya "use by" (itariki ntarengwa y’umutekano) na "best before" (itariki ntarengwa y’ubuziranenge). Kugurisha ibiribwa byegereje itariki "use by" birabujijwe.
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika:Uretse amata y'incuke, amategeko ya leta ntasaba itariki ntarengwa yo kubyaza umusaruro, ariko abacuruzi bagomba kugenzura umutekano w'ibiribwa.
Ubuyapani:Itegeko "Rishinzwe Kugabanya Imyanda y'Ibiryo" rishishikariza kugurisha ku giciro gito ibiryo biri hafi kurangira, ariko hakenewe isuzuma rihoraho.
Ubushinwa:Nyuma y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’"Itegeko ryo Kurwanya Isuku y’Ibiryo" mu 2021, amaduka manini yashyizeho ibice byihariye by’ibiribwa biri hafi kurangira, ariko amahame yo gupima mikorobe aracyari amwe n’ay’ibicuruzwa bishya.
2. Amahame ngenderwaho y’isuzuma ry’umutekano wa mikorobe yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga
Dukurikije amabwiriza yatanzwe n'ikigoKomisiyo ya Codex Alimentarius (Codex), FDA yo muri Amerika, na EU EFSA, ibiryo biri hafi kurangira bigomba gukurikiranwa ku bipimo by'ingenzi bikurikira:
Umubare wose w'umwuka utera aerobiki (TAC):Igaragaza urwego rw'ibiryo byangiritse; kurenza urugero bishobora gutera impiswi.
Bagiteri ya Coliform:Igaragaza isuku kandi ifitanye isano n'ibyago byo kwandura indwara nkaSalmonella.
Ifu n'umusemburo:Bikunze kugaragara ahantu hashyushye kandi bishobora gutera uburozi (urugero,uburozi bwa aflatoxin).
Indwara zitera indwara:Harimo Listeria (ishobora gukurira ku bushyuhe buri hasi) na Staphylococcus aureus.
3. Amakuru yerekeye isuzuma ry’ibiryo byambukiranya imipaka: Umupaka w’umutekano w’ibiryo biri hafi kurangira
Mu 2025, Ikigo Mpuzamahanga gishinzwe Ubushakashatsi n'Ibizamini ku Baguzi (ICRT) cyakoranye na laboratwari mu bihugu byinshi kugira ngo gipime ibyiciro bitandatu by'ibiribwa biri hafi kurangira, maze ibi bikurikira bitangwa:
| Icyiciro cy'ibiribwa | Igipimo cy'ikizamini | Umupaka Mpuzamahanga w'Umutekano | Igipimo cy'irengagijwe ry'ibiryo biri hafi kurangira |
| Amata ya Pasteurized (Ubudage) | Umubare wose w'aerobiki | ≤10⁵ CFU/mL | 12% |
| Salade ipakiye mbere (Amerika) | Bagiteri ya Coliform | ≤100 CFU/g | 18% |
| Inkoko Yiteguye Kurya (Ubwongereza) | Listeria | Ntibyabonetse | 5% |
| Udukoryo tw'imbuto (Ubushinwa) | Ibihumyo | ≤50 CFU/g | 8% |
Ibyavumbuwe by'ingenzi:
Ibyiciro bifite ibyago byinshi:Inyama ziteguye kuribwa, ibikomoka ku mata, n'amafunguro yateguwe byagaragaje ko mikorobe ziyongera cyane.
Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe bwo kubika:Ibiryo bitabikwa muri firigo byari bifite ibyago bikubye gatatu byo kurenga imipaka.
Itandukaniro mu gupakira:Ibiryo byashyizwe mu byuma byari bifite umutekano ugereranyije n’ibisanzwe bipakiye.
4. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mutekano w'ibiryo biri hafi kurangira
Imicungire y'Uruhererekane rw'Ibicuruzwa:Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gutwara (urugero, imiyoboro ikonje yacitse) ryihutisha gukura kwa mikorobe.
Ibiryo bigizwe n'ibiryo:Ibiryo birimo poroteyine nyinshi (inyama) n'ibiryo bifite ubushuhe bwinshi (yawurute) bikunze kwanduzwa na bagiteri.
Ikirere cy'Akarere:Uduce dushyuha cyane kandi dufite ubushyuhe bwinshi (urugero, Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba) duhura n'ibyago byinshi byo kurwara ibihumyo mu biribwa biri hafi kurangira.
5. Amabwiriza Mpuzamahanga ku Baguzi mu Kugura mu Mutekano
Reba ibyapa n'amabwiriza yo kubika:
Shyira imbere ibiryo byumye byanditsweho ngo "mbere y'ibiryo byiza" (urugero: ibisuguti, ibiryo byo mu macupa).
Irinde ko amata n'ibikomoka ku nyama bimara igihe gito bitabikwa muri firigo.
Igenzura ry'amatwi:
Tara ibiryo byose birimo kubyimba, amazi yavuye, ibihumyo cyangwa impumuro mbi ako kanya.
Ubumenyi ku byago byo mu karere:
Uburayi na Amerika:Itondere Listeria (ikunze kuboneka mu biribwa byiteguye kuribwa).
Aziya:Witondere uburozi bwa mycotoxins (urugero, uburozi bwa aflatoxins mu muceri no mu mbuto).
6. Ibyifuzo ku Mategeko Mpuzamahanga n'Inganda
Gupima Ibipimo Bikwiriye:Gushyigikira Codex gushyiraho imipaka yihariye ya mikorobe ku biribwa biri hafi kurangira.
Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga:Kwamamaza uburyo bwo gupakira ibintu mu buryo bugezweho (urugero: ibimenyetso by'ubushyuhe n'igihe).
Inshingano z'ikigo:Abacuruzi bagomba gushyiraho uburyo buhamye bwo gupima ibiryo biri hafi kurangira.
Umwanzuro: Gushyira mu gaciro umutekano n'uburambe
Guteza imbere ibiribwa bigiye kurangira bifasha kugabanya imyanda y’ibiribwa ku isi, ariko umutekano w’udukoko uracyari ikibazo gikomeye. Abaguzi bagomba gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku mategeko agenga ibidukikije n’amakuru ya siyansi, mu gihe umuryango mpuzamahanga ugomba gufatanya kugira ngo unoze amahame, urebe ko "kuzigama" n' "umutekano" bishobora kubaho koko.
Icyibutso cya nyuma:Ku bijyanye n'umutekano w'ibiribwa, "igiciro gito" ntikigomba na rimwe gutuma habaho ubwumvikane—cyane cyane ku byiciro by'ibiryo bishobora gutera ibyago byinshi nko kurya abana bato n'amafunguro yiteguye kuribwa, aho kwitonda bigomba kuza mbere ya byose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-20-2025