Mu rwego rwo kongera imyanda y’ibiribwa ku isi, ibiryo byegereje birangiye byahindutse abakiriya benshi mu Burayi, Amerika, Aziya, ndetse n’utundi turere bitewe n’igiciro cyabyo. Ariko, mugihe ibiryo byegereje itariki izarangiriraho, birashoboka ko ibyago byo kwanduza mikorobe bikomeza kugenzurwa? Nigute ibipimo byumutekano wibiribwa mubihugu bitandukanye bisobanura umutekano wibiribwa byegereje? Iyi ngingo irasesengura uko umutekano wa mikorobe uriho ibiribwa byegereje kurangira bishingiye ku mibare mpuzamahanga yipimisha kandi itanga ibyifuzo byubuguzi kubakoresha ku isi.
1. Imiterere yisoko ryisi yose hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kugaburira ibiryo byegeranye
Ibiribwa byegereje kurangira mubisanzwe bivuga ibicuruzwa bifite kimwe cya gatatu kugeza kimwe cya kabiri cyubuzima bwabo busigaye, bikunze kuboneka mubice byo kugabanya ibicuruzwa bya supermarket cyangwa kububiko bwihariye bwo kugabanya ibicuruzwa. Politiki ngengamikorere y'ibiribwa byegereje biratandukanye cyane mubihugu:
Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU):Ibirango byateganijwe "gukoresha na" (igihe ntarengwa cyumutekano) na "byiza mbere" (igihe ntarengwa). Birabujijwe kugurisha ibiryo byegereye "gukoresha by" itariki.
Amerika:Usibye amata y'ifu, amabwiriza ya leta ntasaba amatariki yo kurangiriraho, ariko abadandaza bagomba kurinda umutekano wibiribwa.
Ubuyapani:"Itegeko ryo guteza imbere imyanda yo kugabanya imyanda" ishishikariza kugurisha kugabanywa kugurishwa ryibiryo byegereje, ariko birasabwa kwipimisha buri gihe.
Ubushinwa:Nyuma y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amategeko "yo kurwanya imyanda y’ibiribwa" mu 2021, amaduka manini yashyizeho ibice byabigenewe ibiryo byegereje, ariko ibipimo byo gupima mikorobe bikomeza kuba nkibicuruzwa bishya.
2. Ibipimo byo gupima umutekano wa mikorobe bizwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga
Ukurikije amabwiriza yatanzwe naKomisiyo ya Codex Alimentarius (Codex), Amerika FDA, na EU EFSA, ibiryo biri hafi kurangira bigomba gukurikiranwa kubipimo byingenzi bikurikira:
Umubare w'indege zose (TAC):Yerekana urwego rwo kwangirika kwibiryo; kurenza imipaka irashobora gutera impiswi.
Indwara ya bagiteri:Yerekana imiterere yisuku kandi ifitanye isano ningaruka ziterwa na virusi nkaSalmonella.
Umubumbe n'umusemburo:Bisanzwe mubidukikije kandi birashobora kubyara uburozi (urugero,aflatoxins).
Indwara ya virusi:Shyiramo Listeria (ishobora gukura mubushyuhe buke) na Staphylococcus aureus.
3. Kwipimisha Kwambuka Imipaka: Imipaka Yumutekano Yibiryo-Byarangiye
Mu 2025, ubushakashatsi n’ubushakashatsi mpuzamahanga ku baguzi (ICRT) bwakoranye na laboratoire mu bihugu byinshi mu gupima ibyiciro bitandatu by’ibiribwa byegereje, hamwe n’ibisubizo bikurikira:
| Icyiciro cy'ibiribwa | Ikigereranyo | Imipaka mpuzamahanga y’umutekano | Igipimo cyikirenga mubiribwa-Byarangiye |
| Amata ya Pasitori (Ubudage) | Umubare w'indege zose | ≤10⁵ CFU / mL | 12% |
| Salade Yateguwe mbere (US) | Indwara ya bagiteri | ≤100 CFU / g | 18% |
| Witegure-Kurya Inkoko (UK) | Urutonde | Ntibimenyekana | 5% |
| Ibiryo byuzuye (Ubushinwa) | Ibishushanyo | ≤50 CFU / g | 8% |
Ibisubizo by'ingenzi:
Ibyiciro Byinshi-Ibyago:Inyama ziteguye kurya, ibikomoka ku mata, hamwe n’ifunguro ryateguwe byerekanaga urugero rwa mikorobe irenze.
Ingaruka z'ubushyuhe Ububiko:Ibiribwa bitagumishijwe muri firigo byari bifite ibyago byikubye gatatu kurenga imipaka.
Itandukaniro ryo gupakira:Ibiryo byuzuye vacuum byari bifite umutekano ugereranije nibisanzwe bipakiye.
4. Ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumutekano wibiryo byegereje-birangiye
Gucunga Urunigi:Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe mugihe cyo gutwara (urugero, iminyururu ikonje yamenetse) yihutisha gukura kwa mikorobe.
Ibigize ibiryo:Poroteyine nyinshi (inyama) hamwe n’ibiribwa byinshi (yogurt) bikunda kwandura bagiteri.
Ikirere cy'akarere:Ubushyuhe bwinshi nubushuhe bwinshi (urugero, Aziya y Amajyepfo yAmajyepfo ya Aziya) bifite ibyago byinshi byo kubumba mubiribwa byegereje.
5. Amabwiriza yumuguzi kwisi yose yo kugura umutekano
Reba Ibirango nububiko:
Shyira imbere ibiryo byumye byanditseho "byiza mbere" (urugero, igikoma, ibicuruzwa byafashwe).
Irinde hafi y’amata n’ibikomoka ku nyama bitabitswe muri firigo.
Kugenzura Ibyumviro:
Hagarika ibiryo ibyo aribyo byose bipfunyitse, bitemba, ibumba, cyangwa impumuro mbi.
Kumenya ingaruka z’akarere:
Uburayi & Amerika:Reba kuri Listeria (ibisanzwe mubiryo byiteguye-kurya).
Aziya:Witondere mycotoxine (urugero, aflatoxine mu muceri n'imbuto).
6. Ibyifuzo byubuyobozi mpuzamahanga ninganda
Suzuma ibipimo ngenderwaho:Kunganira Codex gushiraho imipaka yihariye ya mikorobe kubiryo byegereje.
Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga:Teza imbere gupakira ibintu byubwenge (urugero, ibipimo byigihe-ubushyuhe).
Inshingano rusange:Abacuruzi bagomba gushyira mubikorwa uburyo bwo gupima ibiryo byegereje.
Umwanzuro: Kuringaniza umutekano no kuramba
Gutezimbere ibiryo byenda kurangira bifasha kugabanya imyanda y'ibiribwa ku isi, ariko umutekano wa mikorobe ukomeje kuba ingorabahizi. Abaguzi bagomba guhitamo neza bashingiye ku mabwiriza y’ibanze n’amakuru y’ubumenyi, mu gihe umuryango mpuzamahanga ugomba gufatanya kunoza ibipimo ngenderwaho, ukemeza ko "kuzigama" n "umutekano" bishobora kubana.
Kwibutsa bwa nyuma:Ku bijyanye no kwihaza mu biribwa, "igiciro gito" ntigomba na rimwe gutsindishiriza ubwumvikane - cyane cyane ku byiciro bishobora guteza ibyago byinshi nk'ibiryo by'abana ndetse n'amafunguro yiteguye kurya, aho kwitonda bigomba kuza mbere na mbere.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-20-2025