amakuru

I. Igenamiterere Risanzwe: Uburinganire Butoroshye Hagati ya Siyansi n'Ibikorwa

Imipaka y’ibisigazwa by’imiti yica udukoko yashyizweho na Komisiyo ya Codex Alimentarius (CAC) ni yo iherezo ry’ubushakashatsi bwinshi bw’uburozi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bagena urwego rw’ingaruka mbi zitagaragara (NOAEL) binyuze mu igerageza ry’inyamaswa, hanyuma bagakoresha ikintu cy’umutekano inshuro 100 kugira ngo babare ifunguro ryemewe rya buri munsi (ADI) ku bantu. Urugero, ADI yochlorpyrifosni 0.01 mg/kg, bivuze ko umuntu mukuru ufite ibiro 60 ashobora kurya 0.6 mg ku munsi mu mutekano.

Igipimo ngenderwaho cy'Ubushinwa ubuGB 2763-2021Ikubiyemo ibisigazwa by’ibimera 564 birwanya udukoko mu byiciro 387 by’ibiribwa, bihuye neza n’amabwiriza ari mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na Amerika. Urugero, urugero ntarengwa rwa procymidone mu bimera bya poriyo ni 0.2 mg/kg mu Bushinwa ugereranyije na 0.1 mg/kg mu muryango w’uburayi. Itandukaniro nk’iryo rituruka ku mirire, ntabwo ari ukutumvikana gukomeye ku mutekano.

II. Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gutahura: Umutego wo Gutekereza w'Ibikoresho Byiza

Ibikoresho bigezweho byo gusesengura bishobora kugaragaza ibisigazwa kuibice kuri miliyari (ppb)urwego. Isesengura ry’umunyu rikozwe mu mazi (Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry - LC-MS) rigaragaza ingano ingana no gushonga agace gato k’umunyu muri pisine ingana n’iyo mu mikino Olempike. Ubu buryo bwo kumenya bivuze ko ibisigazwa "bidashoboka" birimo kuba bike. Mu 2024, ibisigazwa bisanzwe by’imiti yica udukoko byabonetse muri 68% by’ibikomoka ku buhinzi byapimwe, nyamara 1.4% gusa ni byo byarenze imipaka—bigaragaza ko"Kubona ni ibintu bisanzwe, kurenga ku bipimo ni gake cyane."

Itsindaingano y'ibisigazwaNi ngombwa cyane. Kuri cypermethrin, ntarengwa mu mbuto z'indimu ni 2 mg/kg. Kugira ngo umuntu agere ku gipimo cy'akaga, agomba kurya ibiro 200 by'indimu zujuje ibisabwa - isuzuma ry'ingaruka ritagaragara nk'uko umuntu atinya umunyu wo ku meza (igipimo cy'uburozi bw'indimu: 3 g/kg).

III. Gucunga Ingaruka: Uburinzi bw'Ibice Bitandukanye ku Mutekano w'Ibiribwa

Minisiteri y'Ubuhinzi y'Ubushinwa yateye intambwe binyuze mu bikorwa nka"Ubukangurambaga bwihariye ku kugenzura no kunoza ubuziranenge bw'ibiyobyabwenge bibujijwe," kugera ku gipimo cya 97.6% byemewe mu 2024. Sisitemu zo gukurikirana ibidukikije ubu zigenzura ishingiro ry’umusaruro 2.000, zigakurikirana amakuru 23 kuva ku murima kugeza ku ruhu. Abaguzi bashobora gushakisha kode za QR kugira ngo babone inyandiko z’imiti yica udukoko n’amakuru yo muri laboratwari.

Iyo abaguzi bahuye n'"ibisigazwa by'imiti yica udukoko" muri raporo z'ibizamini, bagomba kumenya ibi bikurikira:gupima ≠ ihohoterwa, kandi ibisigazwa by'ibimera ntibiteza akaga ku buzima. Gukaraba umusaruro munsi y'amazi atemba mu gihe cy'amasegonda 30 bikuraho 80% by'ibisigazwa byo hejuru. Ibivugwa ko biteje akaga kurushaho ni nk'ibivugwa ko "imiti yose yica udukoko ni mibi," bibangamiye ishingiro ry'ubuhinzi bwa none.

Muri iki gihe cy’ubutaka buhingwamo imbogamizi n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, imiti yica udukoko iracyari ingenzi mu kwihaza mu biribwa. Mu gutandukanya "gutahura" no "kurenga ku bipimo ngenderwaho," no gusobanukirwa itandukaniro riri hagati ya 0.01 mg na 1 mg, tuba twirukanye ibitekerezo bibiri. Umutekano w’ibiribwa ntabwo ari ukubera ingaruka zo kuba nta n’imwe, ahubwo ni ukuberaibyago bicungwa—igikorwa cy’ubufatanye gisaba abashinzwe kugenzura, abakora, n’abaguzi kwakira siyansi kuruta gukurura amarangamutima.