amakuru

1. Ihindagurika ry'Uburyo bwa Nitrite

Hakoreshejwe spectrophotometry kugira ngo hakurikiranwe uburyo bwo guhisha, igerageza ryagaragaje "umuvuduko udasanzwe" mu ngano ya nitrite. Mu cyiciro cya mbere (amasaha 0-24), bagiteri zigabanya nitrite zahinduye vuba nitrite mu mboga muri nitrite, ingano yayo izamuka ikagera kuri 48 mg / kg. Mu cyiciro cya kabiri (iminsi 3-5), kwiyongera kwa bagiteri za aside lactic kwagiye kubora nitrite buhoro buhoro, bigarura urugero ku rugero rwiza. Ikigaragara ni uko buri kwiyongera kwa dogere selisiyusi 5 mu bushyuhe bw'ikirere kwihutisha iremwa ry'ingano mu masaha 12-18.

Igereranya na kimchi y’ubucuruzi ryagaragaje ko umusaruro w’inganda, binyuze mu kugenzura neza imiterere y’ikirere (1.5%–2.5% by’umunyu, 15–20°C), bigabanya uburebure bwa nitrite kugeza munsi ya 32 mg/kg. Mu buryo bunyuranye, kimchi yo mu rugo, akenshi idafite ubushyuhe, ihora irenga 40 mg/kg, bigaragaza ko hari ingaruka mbi nyinshi mu buzima bwo mu ngo.

2. Ingingo z'ingenzi zo kugenzura

Umunyu mwinshi ugira uruhare runini mu kuringaniza mikorobe. Iyo umunyu uri munsi ya 1%, bagiteri zitera indwara n’izigabanya nitrati zirakura, bigatuma nitrati izamuka mbere kandi hejuru. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko 2.5% by’umunyu ari wo kuringaniza neza, bigahagarika neza bagiteri zangiza ariko bigashyigikira imikorere ya bagiteri zikomoka kuri aside lactic.

Kugenzura ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane. Gushyushya kuri 20°C byagaragaje imikorere ihamye ya mikorobe. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 25°C bwihutishije imikorere ya mikorobe ariko byongera ibyago byo kutagera ku rugero rwiza rwa mikorobe, mu gihe munsi ya 10°C byongereye igihe cy'umutekano kugeza ku minsi irenga 20. Ku gushyushya mu rugo, ni byiza kugenzura ubushyuhe mu byiciro: 18–22°C mu minsi 3 ya mbere, hanyuma hagakurikiraho gukonjesha.

Uburyo bwo kuvura mbere y’uko ibihingwa bivurwa bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku musaruro. Gusiga amashu mu masegonda 30 byagabanyije ingano ya nitrati ku kigero cya 43%, bigabanya ingano ya nitrati ku kigero cya 27%. Kongeramo ibintu bikungahaye kuri Vitamine C (urugero: udukarito dushya twa chili cyangwa indimu) byagabanyije ingano ya nitrati ku kigero cya 15%–20%.

3. Ingamba zo gukoresha mu buryo bwizewe

Hashingiwe ku makuru y’igerageza, igihe cyo guhinga gishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu:

Igihe cy'akaga (iminsi 2-5):Igipimo cya nitrite kirenze igipimo cy’umutekano cy’Ubushinwa (20 mg/kg) inshuro 2-3. Kurya bigomba kwirindwa.

Igihe cy'inzibacyuho (iminsi 6-10):Ingano zigenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro zikagera ku rwego rutekanye.

Igihe cy'umutekano (nyuma y'umunsi wa 10):Nitrite irakomera iri munsi ya 5 mg/kg, ifatwa nk'aho ari nziza ku ikoreshwa.

Uburyo bwiza bwo gukoreshabishobora kugabanya ibyago:

Uburyo bwo gushyiramo umunyu mu buryo bwa gradient (ubushyuhe bw’ibanze bwa 2.5%, bwiyongeraho 3% nyuma) hamwe no gutera umuti w’amazi washaje wa 5% bigabanya igihe cy’akaga kikagera ku masaha 36.

Gukangura buri gihe kugira ngo haboneke ibora rya nitrite ryashyizweho umwuka wa ogisijeni ku kigero cya 40%.

Ku bijyanye n'impanuka yo guhura n'umuti ukabije wa nitrite, uburyo bwo kuwuvura bwagaragaje ko bufite akamaro:

Kongeramo ifu ya vitamine C 0.1% mu masaha 6 byagabanyije nitrite ho 60%.

Kuvanga n'itungurusumu nshya (3% ukurikije uburemere) byageze ku musaruro nk'uwo.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwemeza ko ingaruka mbi mu biribwa byatetse mu rugo zishobora kugaragara neza kandi zishobora kugenzurwa. Mu gusobanukirwa imiterere ya nitrite no gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo kugenzura neza—nk'ubushyuhe bungana na 2.5%, gucunga ubushyuhe ku byiciro, no kubyaza umusaruro mbere y'uko bivurwa—abaguzi bashobora kurya ibiryo gakondo byatetse mu mutekano. Kugira "urutonde rw'ibipimo byo guteka" kugira ngo bakurikirane ubushyuhe, igihe, n'ibindi bipimo birasabwa, guhindura uburyo bwo mu gikoni mo gahunda zishingiye ku bushakashatsi, zishingiye ku ngaruka.