Ngokuphucuka kwemigangatho yokuphila, abathengi banikela ingqalelo engakumbi kumgangatho nokhuseleko lwenyama. Njengeemveliso ezimbini zenyama eziphambili, inyama ebandayo kunye nenyama eqandisiweyo zihlala zingumxholo wengxoxo malunga "nencasa" kunye "nokhuseleko" lwazo. Ngaba inyama ebandayo ikhuselekile ngokwenene kunenyama eqandisiweyo? Ngaba inyama eqandisiweyo ineebhaktheriya ezininzi ngenxa yokugcina ixesha elide? Eli nqaku lihlalutya ngokupheleleyo umahluko wokhuseleko phakathi kwezi zimbini ngedatha yovavanyo lwesayensi, ukutolikwa kweengcali, kunye nohlalutyo lwemeko yokusetyenziswa, okubonelela abathengi ngesiseko esifanelekileyo sokwenza ukhetho.
- Inyama ebandayo vs. Inyama eqandisiweyo: Ukuthelekiswa kweenkcazo kunye neenkqubo zokuyilungisa
1)Inyama ebandayo: Ukutsha Kugcinwa Kumaqondo Obushushu Aphantsi Kuyo Yonke Inkqubo
Inyama ebandayo, eyaziwa ngokuba yinyama egcinwe ebandayo esuswe i-lactic acid, ilandela la manyathelo okulungisa:
- Ukuphola Okukhawulezileyo Emva Kokuxhela: Emva kokuxhela, isidumbu sipholiswa ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-0-4°C kwiiyure ezi-2 ukuthintela ukuzala kweentsholongwane.
- Ukususwa kwe-Lactic Acid: Emva koko ishiywa ukuba iphumle kwindawo enobushushu obungaguqukiyo iiyure ezingama-24-48 ukuze ibole i-lactic acid, ithambise imicu yemisipha, kwaye iphucule incasa.
- Uthutho lweContain Chain kulo lonke: Ukususela ekucutshungulweni ukuya ekuthengisweni, ubushushu bugcinwa ngaphakathi kobubanzi be-0-4°C, kunye nobomi obuqhelekileyo beshelufu beentsuku ezi-3-7.
2)Inyama Eqandisiweyo: Ukuqandisa Okukhawulezayo "Kwimeko Yantlandlolo"
Eyona nto iphambili ekulungisweni kwenyama ekhenkcezisiweyo ikwi "teknoloji yokukhenkcezisa ngokukhawuleza":
- Ukuqandisa ngokukhawuleza: Inyama entsha emva kokuxhelwa iqandisa ngokukhawuleza kwindawo engaphantsi kwe-28°C, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanzi angaphakathi kwiseli enze iikristale ezincinci zomkhenkce, nto leyo enciphisa umonakalo kumgangatho wenyama.
- Ukugcinwa Ixesha Elide: Ingagcinwa kwifriji engatshintshiyo kwiqondo lobushushu eli--18°C kangangeenyanga ezi-6-12 kwaye kufuneka ityiwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokunyibilika.
Umahluko oPhambili:Inyama ebandayo igxininisa "incasa entsha nethambileyo" kodwa igcina ixesha elifutshane. Inyama eqandisiweyo incama incasa ethile ukuze ihlale ixesha elide.
- Uvavanyo lweBalo lilonke leeBhaktheriyaUvavanyo: Umngeni oMbini weXesha kunye noBushushu
Ukuze kuthelekiswe ukhuseleko lweentsholongwane kwiintlobo ezimbini zenyama, iziko lovavanyo elisemthethweni lenze uvavanyo oludibeneyo kwinyama yehagu evela kwibhetshi enye, lilinganisa iimeko zokugcina ekhaya:
Uyilo lovavanyo
- Ukwahlulahlula imizekelo: I-tenderloin yehagu entsha yahlulwe yaba liqela lenyama ebandayo (ifakwe efrijini kwi-0-4°C) kunye neqela lenyama eqandisiweyo (ifakwe efrijini kwi--18°C).
- Amanqaku eXesha loVavanyo: Usuku 1 (imeko yokuqala), Usuku 3, Usuku 7, kunye noSuku 14 (kuphela kwiqela eliqandisiweyo).
- Iimpawu zovavanyo: Inani elipheleleyo leebhaktheriya (CFU/g), iibhaktheriya ze-coliform, kunye neebhaktheriya ezibangela izifo (I-SalmonellakwayeI-Staphylococcus aureus).
Iziphumo zovavanyo
| Ixesha lovavanyo | Inani lilonke leentsholongwane zenyama ebandayo (CFU/g) | Inani lilonke leentsholongwane zenyama eqandisiweyo (CFU/g) |
| Usuku 1 | 3.2×10⁴ | 1.1×10⁴ |
| Usuku 3 | 8.5×10⁵ | 1.3×10⁴ (enganyibiliki) |
| Usuku 7 | 2.3×10⁷ (ukudlula umda omiselweyo kazwelonke) | 1.5×10⁴ (enganyibiliki) |
| Usuku lwe-14 | - | 2.8×10⁴ (enganyibiliki) |
Uvavanyo lweNyama eqandisiweyo emva kokunyibilika:
Emva kokunyibilika nokufakwa kwindawo enobushushu obuyi-4°C kangangeeyure ezingama-24, inani elipheleleyo leebhaktheriya lenyuka laya kwi-4.8×10⁵ CFU/g, lisondela kwinqanaba lenyama ebandayo ngomhla wesi-3.
Isiphelo sovavanyo
1) Inyama ebandayo: Inani leebhaktheriya lilonke liyanda ngokukhawuleza ngokuhamba kwexesha, lidlula umda we-1×10⁷ CFU/g ochazwe kwi "National Food Safety Standard" yaseTshayina (GB 2707-2016) ngoSuku lwesi-7.
2) Inyama eqandisiweyo: Ukuzala kwebhaktheriya kuphantse kume kwi -18°C, kodwa umsebenzi webhaktheriya uphinda uqalise ngokukhawuleza emva kokunyibilika, nto leyo ekhawulezisa ukonakala.
3) Umngcipheko weeBhaktheriya ezibangela izifo: Akukho bhaktheriya zibangela izifo ezifana neSalmonella ezifunyenweyo kuzo naziphi na iindidi zeesampuli. Nangona kunjalo, inani elikhulu leebhaktheriya linokukhokelela ekuwohlokeni nasekungavuthi, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa.
- Iingcamango Ezingachanekanga Zokusetyenziswa kunye neSikhokelo Sokuthenga Ngesayensi
Ingcamango Engachanekanga 1: Ngaba inyama ebandayo ikhuselekile kunenyama eqandisiweyo?
InyanisoUkhuseleko lwazo zombini luxhomekeke kwiimeko zokugcina. Ukuba inyama ebandayo ivezwa kwiishelufu zeevenkile ezinkulu ixesha elide okanye igcinwe ekhaya iintsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu, umngcipheko unokuba phezulu kunenyama ekhenkcezisiweyo.
Ingcamango Engachanekanga 2: Ngaba inyama eqandisiweyo ilahlekelwa kakhulu zizondlo?
Inyaniso: Itekhnoloji yanamhlanje yokuqandisa ngokukhawuleza inokugcina ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezakhamzimba, ngelixa inyama ebandayo isengozini yokulahlekelwa ziivithamini ezifana ne-B1 ngenxa ye-oxidation kunye ne-enzyme hydrolysis reactions.
Iingcebiso zeSayensi zoThengo kunye noGcino
1) Kwinyama ebandayo:
Xa uthenga, jonga umbala (obomvu oqaqambileyo okhanyayo), ubunjani bawo (obumanzi kancinci kwaye obunganamatheliyo), kunye nevumba (elingenavumba limuncu okanye elirhabaxa).
Ukuze ugcine inyama ekhaya, yivale ngeplastiki uze uyibeke kwindawo ebanda kakhulu efrijini (ngokuqhelekileyo kufutshane nodonga olungasemva), uyitye zingadlulanga iintsuku ezintathu.
2)Kwinyama eqandisiweyo:
Khetha iimveliso ezineekristale zomkhenkce ezincinci kunye neepakethe ezingonakalanga, uphephe "inyama ye-zombie" enyibilikisiweyo yaza yaqandiswa.
Xa unyibilikisa, sebenzisa indlela "yokunyuka kancinci kancinci kobushushu": susa kwifriji uye efrijini kangangeeyure ezili-12, uze untywilisele emanzini anetyuwa ukuze ubulale iintsholongwane.
3)Imigaqo Jikelele:
Hlamba umphezulu wenyama ngamanzi ahambayo ngaphambi kokuba uyipheke, kodwa kuphephe ukuyifaka emanzini ixesha elide.
Qinisekisa ukuba ubushushu bokupheka ngaphakathi bufikelela kuma-75°C ukuze ucime ngokupheleleyo iintsholongwane.
Ixesha leposi: Matshi-04-2025