Ngokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila, abathengi bahlawula ingqalelo ekhulayo kumgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwenyama. Njengemveliso ezimbini zenyama eziqhelekileyo, inyama ebandayo kunye nenyama ekhenkcezisiweyo ihlala ingumxholo wengxoxo malunga "nencasa" kunye "nokhuseleko". Ngaba ngenene inyama ebandayo ikhuselekile kunenyama ekhenkcezisiweyo? Ngaba inyama ekhenkcezisiweyo igcina iintsholongwane ezininzi ngenxa yokugcinwa kwexesha elide? Eli nqaku lihlalutya ngokubanzi umahluko wokhuseleko phakathi kwezi zimbini ngedatha yovavanyo lwezenzululwazi, ukutolika kweengcali, kunye nohlalutyo lwemeko yokusetyenziswa, ukubonelela abathengi ngesiseko esinengqiqo sokwenza ukhetho.
- Inyama eQilileyo vs. Inyama eQinisiweyo: Ukuthelekiswa kweeNkcazo kunye neeNkqubo zokuLungisa
1)Inyama Epholileyo: Ukutsha kugcinwe kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kuyo yonke inkqubo
Inyama ebandayo, nekwaziwa ngokuba yinyama egciniweyo esele isuswe iasidi ye-lactic, ilandela la manyathelo okulungisa:
- Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuxhela: Emva kokuxhelwa, isidumbu sipholiswa ngokukhawuleza kwi-0-4 ° C kwiiyure ze-2 ukuvimbela ukuveliswa kwe-microbial.
- Ukususwa kwe-Lactic Acid: Emva koko iyekwa ukuba iphumle kwindawo yobushushu obungaguqukiyo kangangeeyure ezingama-24-48 ukuze ibole i-lactic acid, ithambe imicu yezihlunu, kwaye iphucule incasa.
- UkuThuthwa kwe-Cold Chain kulo lonke: Ukususela ekuqhubeni ukuthengiswa, ukushisa kugcinwa ngaphakathi kwinqanaba le-0-4 ° C, kunye ne-shelf eqhelekileyo yeentsuku ezi-3-7.
2)Inyama ekhenkcezisiweyo: Izitshixo eziKhawulezayo zokukhenkceza “kwilizwe lokuqala”
Undoqo wokwenziwa kwenyama engumkhenkce "kubuchwephesha bokukhenkcisa ngokukhawuleza":
- Ukukhenkceza okuKhawulezayo: Inyama entsha emva kokuxhelwa ikhawuleza ikhenkceke kwindawo engaphantsi kwe-28°C, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanzi angaphakathi enze iikristale zomkhenkce ezincinci, kunciphisa umonakalo kumgangatho wenyama.
- Ukugcinwa kwexesha elide: Inokugcinwa kwisikhenkcezisi esingaguqukiyo kwi -18°C kangangeenyanga ezi-6-12 kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza emva kokunyibilika.
Umahluko oPhambili:Inyama ebandayo igxininisa "incasa entsha nethambileyo" kodwa inefestile emfutshane yokugcina. Inyama engumkhenkce incama incasa ethile kubomi obude beshelufu.
- UVavanyo loBalo lweBactriyali lulonkeUvavanyo: Ucelomngeni oluBini lweXesha kunye noBushushu
Ukuthelekisa ukhuseleko lwemicrobial kwezi ntlobo zimbini zenyama, iziko lovavanyo eligunyazisiweyo lenze umfuniselo odibeneyo wehagu ukusuka kwibhetshi enye, ukulinganisa iimeko zokugcina ekhaya:
Uyilo loMfuniselo
- Isampulu yokwahlulahlula: Inyama yehagu entsha yohlulwe yaba liqela lenyama ebandayo (ifakwe efrijini ku-0-4°C) kunye neqela lenyama engumkhenkce (ikhenkcezwe ku -18°C).
- Amanqaku exesha lokuvavanya: Usuku 1 (ilizwe lokuqala), Usuku lwe-3, Usuku lwe-7, kunye noSuku lwe-14 (kuphela kweqela elifriziwe).
- Izalathisi zoVavanyo: Inani elipheleleyo lebhaktheriya (CFU / g), ibhaktheriya ye-coliform, kunye ne-pathogenic bacteria (SalmonellakwayeStaphylococcus aureus).
Iziphumo zoMfuniselo
| Ixesha loVavanyo | Ubalo lulonke lweBactriyali kwiNyama eQilileyo (CFU/g) | Ubalo lulonke lweBactriyali kwiNyama eQinisekileyo (CFU/g) |
| Usuku 1 | 3.2×10⁴ | 1.1×10⁴ |
| Usuku 3 | 8.5×10⁵ | 1.3×10⁴ (ayihlatywanga) |
| Usuku 7 | 2.3×10⁷ (ugqithise umda womgangatho wesizwe) | 1.5×10⁴ (ayihlatywanga) |
| Usuku lwe-14 | - | 2.8×10⁴ (ayihlatywanga) |
Uvavanyo lweNyama eQinisiweyo emva kokunyibilika:
Emva kokunyibilika kunye nokubekwa kwindawo ye-4 ° C kwiiyure ze-24, inani lebhaktheriya lilonke liye lanyuka laya kwi-4.8 × 10⁵ CFU / g, lifikelela kwinqanaba lenyama epholileyo ngoSuku lwe-3.
Ukuqukumbela ngoMfuniselo
I-1) Inyama epholileyo: Inani elipheleleyo lebhaktheriya liyakhula ngokukhawuleza ngexesha, lidlula umda we-1 × 10⁷ CFU / g echazwe kwi-China "i-National Food Safety Standard" (i-GB 2707-2016) ngoSuku lwe-7.
2) Inyama Engumkhenkce: Ukuveliswa kwebhaktheriya kuphantse kumile kwi -18 ° C, kodwa umsebenzi webhaktheriya uqalisa ngokukhawuleza emva kokunyibilika, ukukhawuleza ukubola.
I-3) Umngcipheko we-Bacteria ye-Pathogenic: Akukho bhaktheriya ye-pathogenic efana ne-Salmonella yafunyanwa kuyo nayiphi na iqela leesampuli. Nangona kunjalo, inani eligqithisileyo lebhaktiriya lilonke linokukhokelela ekuwohlokeni kunye nokuvumba, okonyusa umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa.
- Iingcamango ezingezizo zokuThenga kunye neNzululwazi yokuThenga
Ukungaqondi kakuhle 1: Ingaba inyama ebandayo ikhuselekile kunenyama ekhenkcezisiweyo?
Inyaniso: Ukhuseleko lwazo zombini luxhomekeke kwiimeko zokugcina. Ukuba inyama ebandayo ibekwe elunxwemeni kwiishelufa zevenkile enkulu ixesha elide okanye igcinwe kwikhaya ngaphezu kweentsuku ezintathu, ingozi isenokuba phezulu kunaleyo yenyama engumkhenkce.
Ukungaqondi kakuhle 2: Ngaba inyama engumkhenkce ifumana ilahleko enkulu yezondlo?
Inyaniso: Itekhnoloji yanamhlanje ekhawulezayo yokukhenkceza inokugcina ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezondlo, ngelixa inyama ebandayo ithanda ukulahlekelwa ziivithamini ezifana ne-B1 ngenxa ye-oxidation kunye ne-enzymatic hydrolysis reactions.
IiNgcebiso zokuThenga nokuGcina ngokweNzululwazi
1) Ngenyama eQiweyo:
Xa uthenga, jonga umbala (obomvu oqaqambileyo oneglosi), ukumila (kumanzi kancinci kwaye akuncangathi), kunye nevumba (elingenavumba elimuncu okanye elimdaka).
Ukugcinwa kwekhaya, vala inyama ngeplastiki kwaye uyibeke kwindawo ebanda kakhulu efrijini (ngokuqhelekileyo kufuphi nodonga lwangasemva), uyidle phakathi kweentsuku ezintathu.
2)Ukwenzela Inyama Engumkhenkce:
Khetha iimveliso ezineekristale zomkhenkce ezincinci kunye nokupakishwa okungonakali, unqanda "inyama ye-zombie" ethe yanyibilika yaze yaphinda yamiswa.
Xa unyibilika, sebenzisa indlela "yokunyuka kancinci kobushushu": tshintshela kwisikhenkcisi ukuya kwisikhenkcisi iiyure ezili-12, emva koko ugalele emanzini anetyuwa ukuze uvale inzala.
3)Imigaqo Jikelele:
Hlamba umphezulu wenyama ngamanzi abalekayo phambi kokupheka, kodwa kunqande ukucwina ixesha elide.
Qinisekisa ukuba amaqondo obushushu okupheka angaphakathi afikelela kuma-75°C ukuze angasebenzi kakuhle iintsholongwane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-04-2025