Ukhuseleko lokutya luyinkxalabo ebalulekileyo kumakhonkco obonelelo lwehlabathi. Iintsalela ezinjengamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwiimveliso zobisi okanye izitshabalalisi ezigqithisileyo kwiziqhamo nemifuno zinokuvusa iingxabano zorhwebo zamazwe ngamazwe okanye imingcipheko yempilo yabathengi. Ngelixa iindlela zovavanyo lwaselebhu yesiNtu (umzekelo, i-HPLC, i-mass spectrometry) zibonelela ngokuchaneka, iindleko zazo eziphezulu, amaxesha amade okuguqula, kunye nobunzima bokusebenza buhlala busilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zexesha lokwenyani zamashishini ehlabathi.Imichilo yovavanyo olukhawulezayokwayeiikiti ze-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ziye zavela njengezisombululo ezingabizi kakhulu, ezibhetyebhetye kubenzi bokutya, abathumeli bangaphandle, kunye nezigqeba ezilawulayo. Eli nqaku liphonononga izicelo zabo kukhuseleko lokutya lwehlabathi, ligxile ekubhaqweni kwe-antibiotic yobisi kunye nohlalutyo lwentsalela ye-pesticide.
I. Uthelekiso lobuGcisa: Isantya, iindleko, kunye nokuchaneka
1. Imichilo yoVavanyo oluKhawulezayo: Intshatsheli yoHlolo lweSiza
Imichilo yovavanyo olukhawulezayo isebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-immunochromatographic ukuvelisa iziphumo ezibonakalayo (umzekelo, iibhanti ezinemibala) ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweli-15 ngokusabela kwe-antigen-antibody. Iinzuzo eziphambili ziquka:
Iindleko eziphantsi kakhulu: Nge-$ 1-5 ngovavanyo ngalunye, zifanelekile kwi-high-frequency screening. Umzekelo, izityalo zobisi zisebenzisa imicu ukujonga ubisi olukrwada mihla le lwe-beta-lactam antibiotics (umzekelo, ipenicillin), ukuthintela iibhetshi ezingcolisekileyo ukuba zingangeni kwimveliso.
Ukusebenza simahla kwezixhobo: Iiprothokholi ezilula zenza ukuba abasebenzi bangaphambili benze iimvavanyo emva koqeqesho oluncinci. Abathengisi bezolimo kumazwe angaphandle bathumela imicu kumazibuko ukujonga iintsalela zezitshabalalisi (umzekelo, i-chlorpyrifos, i-chlorothalonil) ngokuchasene nemigangatho yokungenisa elizweni efana ne-EU Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs).
Nangona kunjalo, imicu inemida: ubuntununtunu (70–90%) kunye neziphumo ezisezantsi zobungakanani zinokuphosa intsalela yomkhondo. Umzekelo, i-sulfonamide antibiotics kubisi kufuphi nomda we-EU (10 μg/kg) umngcipheko wobuxoki obungalunganga.
2. ELISA Kits: Precision Meets throughput
I-ELISA ibala iithagethi nge-enzyme-substrate reactions, ukufezekisa ubuntununtunu bezinga le-pg/mL kunye nokulungiswa kwebhetshi (umzekelo, iipleyiti zequla ezingama-96):
Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nobungakanani: Ibalulekile kuthotyelo lolawulo. I-US FDA igunyaza i-tetracycline antibiotics kubisi olungadluli kwi-300 μg / kg; I-ELISA iqinisekisa umlinganiselo ochanekileyo ukuphepha izohlwayo zorhwebo.
Ixabiso eliphakathi kuluhlu: Kwi-$ 5-20 ngovavanyo ngalunye, i-ELISA idinga umfundi we-samicroplate (3,000-8,000 yeedola). Kumashishini aphakathi asetyenzwa ngama-50-200 eesampuli zemihla ngemihla, iindleko zexesha elide zinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwiilebhu.
Nangona kunjalo, i-ELISA ifuna iiyure ezi-2-4 ngokubaleka kunye neeprothokholi ezisemgangathweni, kufuneka abasebenzi abanezakhono.
II. UkuKhethwa koBuchule kwiMixholo yeHlabathi
Iimeko eziNtathu eziThanda uVavanyo oluKhawulezayo
UHlolo lweKhonkco loNikezelo oluPhezulu
Imihlubu ibamba ngokukhawuleza imathiriyeli ekrwada esemngciphekweni omkhulu. Abathengisi besoya baseBrazil abathumela ngaphandle intsalela ye-glyphosate phambi kokuba ithunyelwe, bathumela iibhetshi ezingalunganga kuphela ukuze ziqinisekiswe elebhu - ukunciphisa iindleko zovavanyo ngaphezulu kwe-30%.
Iitshekhi zokuThobela uMda weMida
Amasiko okanye abaphicothi-zincwadi basebenzisa imicu kumazibuko okanye kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla ukuthintela ukulibaziseka kwempahla. Abarhwebi beeshrimp baseVietnam bavavanya i-nitrofuran imetabolites ngemicu ukuze ihambelane neNkqubo yoLuhlu oluPositive yaseJapan.
IiNgingqi ezinoMthombo oMiselweyo
Iifama ezincinci okanye abalungiseleli kumazwe asaphuhlayo baxhomekeke kwimicu yolawulo lomngcipheko. Oomasibambisane bobisi base-Afrika bavavanya ubisi ukuze bafumane amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo, ebhekisa iisampulu ezilungileyo kwiilebhu zengingqi.
Iimeko eziNtathu zokuthanda i-ELISA Kits
Izatifikethi zokuThumela ngaphandle kunye neeNgxwabano ezisemthethweni
Ukuchaneka nokulandeleka kuka-ELISA kubalulekile ukuze kuthotyelwe umthetho. Abathengisi beziqholo baseIndiya babonelela ngeengxelo ze-ELISA-based aflatoxin B1 (i-EU threshold: 2 μg/kg) ukuhlangabezana ne-EC No. 1881/2006.
IiMfuno zokuPhumelela okuPhakathi ukuya kuPhezulu
Abavelisi abakhulu okanye iilebhu ezisembindini zixhamla kwi-ELISA's processing batch. Ifemu yobisi yaseDatshi ivavanya iibhetshi zobisi ezingama-500+ yonke imihla kwi-beta-lactam kunye ne-tetracyclines kwiiyure ezi-4.
I-R&D kunye noLawulo loMgangatho
Idatha yobungakanani be-ELISA ixhasa ukujonga ixesha elide. Amashishini ewayini aseChile alandelela iindlela zokubulala izitshabalalisi ze-carbendazim zonyaka ukuze ziphucule izenzo zesidiliya.
III. IiNgcaciso zeXabiso leHlabathi-iNzuzo
Iindleko ezifihlakeleyo kunye nokuNcitshiswa koMngcipheko
Ubuxoki obungalunganga obuvela kwimigca bunokukhokelela ekukhunjulweni (umzekelo, isiganeko saseFransi se-salmonella yeentsana ngo-2021), ngelixa iindleko zezixhobo ze-ELISA ziyancipha ngokomlinganiselo. Amazwe amaninzi amkela "ukuhlolwa komcu + ukuqinisekiswa kwe-ELISA" ukulinganisa iindleko kunye nokuthotyelwa.
Ukudibana kweTekhnoloji
Imicu ye-Nanomaterial-ephuculweyo: Imichilo yegolide ene-nanoparticle ene-label ibona i-antibiotics kwi-1 μg / kg, isondela kwi-ELISA sensitivity.
Abafundi be-ELISA abaphathwayo: Izixhobo ezihlangeneyo zenza uvavanyo lwe-onsite lungaphantsi kwe-1,500 yeedola, lucutha umsantsa wokusebenziseka.
IV. Isiphelo: Ukwakha i-Global Detection Network
Ukuzulazula kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe (umzekelo, i-GB 2763 yaseTshayina, i-US EPA, i-EU EC), amashishini okutya kufuneka akhethe ngamandla izixhobo:
Imicu ekhawulezayo: Beka phambili isantya sokuhlola umlambo, iimeko zongxamiseko, okanye useto lwezixhobo ezisezantsi.
Iikiti ze-ELISA: Hambisa ukuchaneka kwesatifikethi, i-throughput ephakathi, kunye nezigqibo eziqhutywa yidatha.
Amashishini ehlabathi kufuneka amkele isicwangciso esinamanqanaba: Umzekelo, ookopolotyeni baseIndiya basebenzisa imicu yokuhlola amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, i-ELISA yoqinisekiso lwengingqi, kunye neelebhu ezivunyiweyo (umz., SGS, Eurofins) kwiisampulu eziphikisanayo. Le "phiramidi yokubona" ilinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko worhwebo, iqinisa inkqubo yokhuseleko lokutya kwihlabathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-15-2025