Phakathi kwemvelaphi enzima ngakumbi yemiba yokhuseleko lokutya, uhlobo olutsha lwekhithi yovavanyo olusekelwe kwiUvavanyo lwe-Immunosorbent oluDityaniswe ne-Enzyme (ELISA)kancinci kancinci iba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwicandelo lovavanyo lokhuseleko lokutya. Ayiboneleli nje kuphela ngeendlela ezichanekileyo nezisebenzayo zokujonga umgangatho wokutya kodwa ikwakha umgca wokhuselo oqinileyo wokhuseleko lokutya kwabathengi.
Umgaqo wekhithi yovavanyo lwe-ELISA usekwe ekusebenziseni impendulo ethile yokubopha phakathi kwe-antigen kunye ne-antibody ukumisela ngokwenani umxholo wezinto ekujoliswe kuzo ekutyeni ngokusebenzisa uphuhliso lombala we-substrate oluqaliswe yi-enzyme. Inkqubo yokusebenza kwayo ilula kwaye inobungcali obuphezulu kunye nobuntununtunu, okuvumela ukuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulinganiswa kwezinto eziyingozi ekutyeni, ezifana ne-aflatoxin, i-ochratoxin A, kunyeIityhefu ze-T-2.
Ngokuphathelele iinkqubo ezithile zokusebenza, ikhithi yovavanyo lwe-ELISA idla ngokubandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:
1. Ukulungiswa kwesampuli: Okokuqala, isampuli yokutya eza kuvavanywa kufuneka icutshungulwe ngokufanelekileyo, njengokukhupha nokucoca, ukuze kufunyanwe isisombululo sesampuli esinokusetyenziselwa ukufunyanwa.
2. Ukongezwa kwesampuli: Isisombululo sesampuli esicutshungulweyo songezwa kwimingxuma ekhethiweyo kwipleyiti ye-ELISA, apho umthombo ngamnye uhambelana nento eza kuvavanywa.
3. Ukufukama: Ipleyiti ye-ELISA enesampuli ezongezelelweyo ifukama kubushushu obufanelekileyo kangangexesha elithile ukuvumela ukubopha ngokupheleleyo phakathi kwee-antigens kunye nee-antibodies.
4. Ukuhlamba: Emva kokufakwa kwe-incubation, isisombululo sokuhlamba sisetyenziselwa ukususa ii-antigens okanye ii-antibodies ezingabotshwanga, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokubopha okungacwangciswanga.
5.Ukongezwa kwe-substrate kunye nophuhliso lombala: Isisombululo se-substrate songezwa kwiqula ngalinye, kwaye i-enzyme kwi-antibody ebhalwe nge-enzyme ivuselela i-substrate ukuba ivelise umbala, yenze imveliso enemibala.
6. Umlinganiselo: Ixabiso lokufunxa lemveliso enemibala kwiqula ngalinye lilinganiswa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifana nesixhobo sokufunda i-ELISA. Umxholo wento eza kuvavanywa emva koko ubalwe ngokusekelwe kwigophe eliqhelekileyo.
Kukho iimeko ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kweekiti zovavanyo ze-ELISA kuvavanyo lokhuseleko lokutya. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokujonga ukhuseleko lokutya rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kweesampuli, amagunya olawulo lwemarike asebenzise ikiti yovavanyo ye-ELISA ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo amanqanaba aphezulu e-aflatoxin B1 kwioyile yamandongomane eveliswa yi-oyile. Amanyathelo okuhlawulisa afanelekileyo athathwa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ethintela ngempumelelo le nto inobungozi ekubeni ibeke abathengi emngciphekweni.
Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokuba kulula ukuyisebenzisa, ukuchaneka kwayo, kunye nokuthembeka kwayo, ikhithi yovavanyo lwe-ELISA isetyenziswa kakhulu kuvavanyo lokhuseleko lokutya okuhlukeneyo okufana neemveliso zasemanzini, iimveliso zenyama, kunye neemveliso zobisi. Ayigcini nje ngokunciphisa ixesha lokufumanisa kwaye iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa ikwabonelela ngenkxaso enamandla yobugcisa kumagunya alawulayo ukuqinisa ulawulo lwemarike yokutya.
Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kweteknoloji kunye nokwanda kolwazi ngokhuseleko lokutya phakathi kwabantu, izixhobo zovavanyo ze-ELISA ziya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwicandelo lovavanyo lokhuseleko lokutya. Kwixesha elizayo, sijonge phambili ekuveleni okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, sikhuthaza ngokubambisana uphuhliso olunamandla lweshishini lokhuseleko lokutya kunye nokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiqinileyo sokhuseleko lokutya kwabathengi.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-12-2024