Ishishini lobisi kudala lixhomekeke kwiindlela zokuvavanya zemveli-ezifana ne-microbial culturing, i-chemical titration, kunye ne-chromatography-ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nomgangatho. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndlela ziya zicelwa umngeni ngakumbi kwiitekhnoloji zanamhlanje, ngakumbiUvavanyo lwe-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)izixhobo. Nje ukuba zikhutshwe njengezixhobo ze-niche, iikiti ze-ELISA ngoku zibonakalisa ukuba zikhawuleza, zichanekile ngakumbi, kwaye ezinye iindlela ezingabizi kakhulu. Makhe siphonononge ukuba kutheni i-ELISA iguqula uvavanyo lobisi kwaye iphikisa intsomi yokuba "iindlela zesikolo sakudala zihlala zingcono."
Unyino kwiiNdlela zesiNtu
Iindlela zovavanyo zesiNtu zobisi, ngelixa zisisiseko, zijongene nemiqobo ebalulekileyo:
- Iinkqubo Ezitya Ixesha: I-Microbial culturing idinga iintsuku zokukhulisa iintsholongwane (umzekelo, i-Listeria okanye i-Salmonella), ukulibazisa imijikelezo yemveliso.
- Ukuhamba komsebenzi okuntsonkothileyo: Ubuchwephesha obufana ne-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, ukunyuka kweendleko.
- Uvakalelo olulinganiselweyo: Uvavanyo lweekhemikhali luyasokola ukufumana umkhondo wongcoliseko (umzekelo, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye izinto ezingezwani nazo), ubeka emngciphekweni izinto ezingezizo ezingezizo.
Le miqobo ithintela ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko lokutya (umzekelo, i-FDA okanye imigangatho ye-EU) kwaye inyusa imingcipheko yokukhumbula.
I-ELISA Kits: Ukuchaneka kuhambelana nokusebenza kakuhle
Itekhnoloji ye-ELISA inyusa intsebenziswano ye-antibody-antigen ukubona iimolekyuli ekujoliswe kuzo ezineenkcukacha ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto. Kuvavanyo lobisi, iinzuzo zalo ziguqukile:
1. Uvakalelo olungenakuthelekiswa nanto kunye neNgcaciso
Iikhithi ze-ELISA zinokuchonga ungcoliseko kwiiinxalenye-ngebhiliyoni nganye (ppb)amanqanaba-abalulekile ekubhaqeni iintsalela ezifana ne-aflatoxins okanye ipenicillin elubisini. Kwizinto ezingezwani nezinto (umzekelo, i-casein okanye i-lactose), i-ELISA inciphisa iimpazamo zokuphinda zisebenze, iqinisekisa ukuleyibhelishwa okuchanekileyo kubathengi ababuthathaka.
2. Ixesha lokuguqula ngokukhawuleza
Ngelixa ukulima kuthatha iintsuku, i-ELISA inika iziphumoIiyure ezi-2-4. Esi santya sivumela ukubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani ngexesha lemveliso, ukunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla kunye nenkcitho. Umzekelo, isityalo sobisi sinokuvavanya ubisi olukrwada lwentsalela yamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane phambi kokuba lucutshungulwe, ukuthintela ukwaliwa kwebhetshi enexabiso elikhulu.
3. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye neendleko-eziFanelekileyo
I-ELISA iyaxhasaIifomathi zepleyiti ezingama-96, ukuvumela uvavanyo lwangaxeshanye lwenqwaba yeesampulu. Iinkqubo ezizisebenzelayo zikwacutha iindleko zabasebenzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kunyukelwe imisebenzi emikhulu. Uphononongo olwenziwe yiJournal of Dairy Science lufumanise i-ELISA yehlise iindleko zesampulu nganye ngama-40% xa kuthelekiswa ne-HPLC.
4. Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo Kwenziwe Kwalula
Iikhithi ze-ELISA ziqinisekiswe kwangaphambili kwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe (umz., ISO 22174), ukwenza lula uphicotho. Umenzi uthandaKwinbonunikezelo lwezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo ze-EU MRLs (Ubuninzi beMida yeResidue) kunye ne-FDA thresholds, ukulungelelanisa ukuthunyelwa kwelizwe ngaphandle.
Debunking Iintsomi Common
Abagxeki baphikisa ukuba i-ELISA ayinakuguquguquka okanye ityekele kwizinto zobuxoki. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubela phambili kuye kwajongana nezi nkxalabo:
Intsomi 1: "I-ELISA ibona iiproteni kuphela."
Iikiti zangoku zijolise kwiimolekyuli ezincinci (umzekelo, iihomoni, i-toxins) ngokusebenzisa iifomathi ze-ELISA ezikhuphisanayo.
Intsomi 2: "Ithambile kakhulu ukuba ingasetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso."
Iikiti eziqinileyo ezine-reagents ezizinzile ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka nakwiindawo ezingekho kwibhubhoratri.
Isifundo: ELISA iyasebenza
Imanyano yobisi yaseYurophu yamkele i-ELISA yovavanyo lwe-β-lactam yesithinteli-ntsholongwane. Ngaphambili usebenzisa i-microbial inhibition assays, bajongana nokulibaziseka kweeyure ze-12 kunye ne-5% yamazinga obuxoki. Emva kokutshintshela kwi-ELISA, ixesha lokufumanisa lehlile kwiiyure ze-3, izinto ezingalunganga zawa kwi-0.2%, kwaye iindleko zokukhumbula ngonyaka ziyancipha nge-€ 1.2 yezigidi.
Ikamva loVavanyo lweDari
I-ELISA ayisiyonto ithatha indawo yazo zonke iindlela zemveli kodwa luphuculo olucwangcisiweyo. Njengoko imfuno yobisi ikhula kwaye imimiselo iqina, indima yayo ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko, iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziya kwanda. Iindlela ezivelayo ezifanamultiplex ELISA(ukufumana iithagethi ezininzi kwintsebenzo enye) kunyeabafundi be-ELISA abaphathwayothembisa ukuqhubela phambili ukufikelela kwidemokhrasi.
Ukuqukumbela, iikiti ze-ELISA ziye zachitha intsomi yokuba iindlela zakudala azinakuthathelwa indawo. Ngokudibanisa isantya, ukuchaneka, kunye nokufikeleleka, babeka umgangatho omtsha wegolide wokuvavanya ubisi-ohamba kunye neemfuno zombini zoshishino kunye nokulindela kwabathengi.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-07-2025