iindaba

I. "Indawo Engwevu" yeMigangatho Yezinto Eziphilayo

Ukuvula "Imithetho yokuphunyezwa kweSatifikethi seMveliso yeNdalo," iNqaku lesi-7 leSahluko sesi-2 lichaza ngokucacileyo iintlobo ezingama-59 zezibulali-zinambuzane ezivela kwizityalo nakwiminerali ezivumelekileyo ukusetyenziswa. Izibulali-zinambuzane zebhayoloji ezifana ne-azadirachtin kunye ne-pyrethrins zibandakanyiwe kakhulu. Nangona ezi zinto zikhutshwa kwizityalo zendalo zichazwa njenge "zinobuthi obuphantsi," ukutshiza kakhulu kusenokubangela iintsalela. Okuxhalabisa kakhulu kukuba imigangatho yesatifiketi imisela ixesha lokucocwa komhlaba leenyanga ezingama-36, kodwa i-glyphosate metabolites ezivela kwimijikelo yangaphambili yezolimo isanokubonwa emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba kwezinye iziseko kwiNorth China Plain.

Amatyala ei-chlorpyrifosintsalela kwiingxelo zovavanyo isebenza njengesilumkiso. Isiseko esinye esiqinisekisiweyo, esikufutshane nomhlaba wezolimo wendabuko, sasichaphazeleka kukungcoliswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane ngexesha lemvula, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufumanekeni kwe-0.02 mg/kg yentsalela ye-organophosphorus kwiisampuli zesipinatshi. Olu "ngcoliseko olungasebenziyo" luveza ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuqinisekisa ekhoyo ekujongeni imeko-bume yezolimo ngokuguquguqukayo, lukrazula isithuba sobunyulu bezolimo eziphilayo.

II. Inyaniso Ityhilwe KwiiLebhu

Xa besebenzisa i-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, iingcali zibeka umda wokufumanisa iisampulu kwinqanaba le-0.001 mg/kg. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ama-90% eesampulu ezilungileyo ayenamanqanaba entsalela kuphela ukusuka kwi-1/50 ukuya kwi-1/100 yalawo akwimifuno eqhelekileyo, okulingana nokuphosa amaconsi amabini einki edamini lokudada eliqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubela phambili kubuchwepheshe bokufumanisa banamhlanje kuye kwenza ukubanjwa kweemolekyuli kwinqanaba le-1 kwibhiliyoni, okwenza ukuba "intsalela ye-zero" ibe ngumsebenzi ongenakwenzeka.

Ubunzima bemixokelelwane yokungcoliswa kwezinto ezixutyiweyo bungaphaya kokucingelwa. Ungcoliseko lwendawo yokugcina izinto ngenxa yezithuthi zothutho ezingacocwanga ngokupheleleyo lubangela i-42% yamanani eziganeko, ngelixa ungcoliseko lokudibana olubangelwa kukubekwa okuxutyiweyo kwiishelufu zeevenkile ezinkulu lubangela i-31%. Okubi ngakumbi, ii-antibiotics ezixutywe kwisichumiso sendalo esithile ekugqibeleni zingena kwiiseli zemifuno ngokuqokelelwa kwezinto eziphilayo.

III. Indlela Efanelekileyo Yokwakha Ukuthembana

Ejongene nengxelo yovavanyo, umlimi wezityalo ezisebenzisa indalo ubonise "inkqubo yakhe yokulandelela ecacileyo": Ikhowudi ye-QR kwiphakheji nganye ivumela ukubuza umlinganiselo womxube weBordeaux osetyenzisiweyo kunye neengxelo zovavanyo lomhlaba kwiikhilomitha ezintathu ezijikeleze. Le ndlela yokubeka iinkqubo zemveliso ekuhleni yakha kwakhona ukuzithemba kwabathengi.

Iingcali zokhuseleko lokutya zicebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe "indlela yokucoca kathathu": ukucwilisa emanzini e-baking soda ukuze kubole izibulali-zinambuzane ezinyibilikayo kumafutha, kusetyenziswa isicoci se-ultrasonic ukususa i-surface adsorbates, kunye noku-blanching imizuzwana emi-5 kwi-100°C ukuze kucinywe ii-enzymes zebhayoloji. Ezi ndlela zinokususa i-97.6% yeentsalela ezilandelelanayo, zenze umgca wokhuselo lwempilo ube namandla ngakumbi.

Idatha yovavanyo lwelabhoratri ayifanele isebenze njengesigwebo sokukhanyela ixabiso lezolimo eziphilayo. Xa sithelekisa i-0.008 mg/kg yentsalela ye-chlorpyrifos kunye ne-1.2 mg/kg efunyenwe kwi-celery eqhelekileyo, sisenokubona ukusebenza okubalulekileyo kweenkqubo zemveliso yendalo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane. Mhlawumbi ubunyulu bokwenyani abukho kwi-zero epheleleyo, kodwa busondela kwi-zero rhoqo, nto leyo efuna abavelisi, abalawuli, kunye nabathengi ukuba badibanise inethiwekhi yomgangatho oqinileyo.