iindaba

1. Utshintsho Olutshintshayo lweNitrite

Ukusebenzisa i-spectrophotometry ukujonga ngokuqhubekayo inkqubo yokubilisa, olu vavanyo lutyhile uphawu "oluphindwe kabini" kumxholo we-nitrite. Ngexesha lesigaba sokuqala (iiyure ezi-0-24), iibhaktheriya ezinciphisa i-nitrate ziguqule ngokukhawuleza i-nitrate kwimifuno zibe yi-nitrite, amanqanaba anyukayo aye kwi-48 mg/kg. Kwisigaba sesibini (iintsuku ezi-3-5), ukwanda kweebhaktheriya ze-lactic acid kwayibolisa kancinci i-nitrite, kubuyisela amanqanaba kumanqanaba akhuselekileyo. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, rhoqo xa kusanda i-5°C kubushushu obungqongileyo kwakhawulezisa ukwakheka kwencopho ngeeyure ezili-12-18.

Ukuthelekiswa ne-kimchi yorhwebo kubonise ukuba imveliso yemizi-mveliso, ngokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo kweemeko (1.5%–2.5% yetyuwa, 15–20°C), inciphisa iincopho ze-nitrite zibe ngaphantsi kwe-32 mg/kg. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-kimchi eyenziwe ekhaya, edla ngokungabi nalawulo lobushushu, ihlala idlula i-40 mg/kg, nto leyo ebonisa umngcipheko ophezulu wokhuseleko kwiindawo zasekhaya.

2. Amanqaku oLawulo oluBalulekileyo

Uxinaniso lwetyuwa ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwibhalansi yeentsholongwane. Xa ityuwa ingaphantsi kwe-1%, iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo kunye ne-nitrate ziyachuma, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho iincopho ze-nitrite ezikhawulezayo neziphezulu. Olu vavanyo luchonge i-2.5% yetyuwa njengebhalansi efanelekileyo, icinezela ngempumelelo iintsholongwane ezinobungozi ngelixa ixhasa imetabolism yeentsholongwane ze-lactic acid.

Ulawulo lobushushu lubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukubila kwi-20°C kubonise umsebenzi ozinzileyo weentsholongwane. Amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-25°C akhawulezisa ukubila kodwa andisa umngcipheko wokungalingani kweentsholongwane, ngelixa ngaphantsi kwe-10°C kwandisa ixesha lokhuseleko ukuya kwiintsuku ezingaphezu kwama-20. Ukubila ekhaya, kucetyiswa ukuba kulawulwe ubushushu ngokwezigaba: 18–22°C kwiintsuku ezi-3 zokuqala, kulandele ukufrijiwa.

Unyango lwangaphambi kwesithako luchaphazela kakhulu iziphumo. Ukususa ikhaphetshu e-blanching imizuzwana engama-30 kunciphisa umxholo wokuqala we-nitrate ngama-43%, kunciphisa incochoyi yokugqibela ye-nitrite ngama-27%. Ukongeza izithako ezityebileyo kwi-vitamin C (umz., izilayi zetshili entsha okanye ilemon) kunciphisa ngakumbi iincochoyi nge-15%–20%.

3. Amaqhinga okusebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo

Ngokusekelwe kwidatha yovavanyo, ixesha lokubilisa linokwahlulwa libe zizigaba ezintathu:

Ixesha lengozi (iintsuku 2-5):Amanqanaba eNitrite adlula umgangatho wokhuseleko waseTshayina (20 mg/kg) ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu. Ukusetyenziswa kufuneka kuphetshwe.

Ixesha lotshintsho (iintsuku 6-10):Amanqanaba aya ehla kancinci kancinci aye kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo.

Ixesha lokhuseleko (emva kosuku lwe-10):I-nitrite izinzile ngaphantsi kwe-5 mg/kg, ithathwa njengekhuselekileyo ukusetyenziswa.

Iindlela ezilungiselelweyoinganciphisa iingozi:

Indlela yokwenza ityuwa ethambileyo (i-2.5% yetyuwa yokuqala, inyuswe iye kwi-3% kamva) idityaniswe nokugonya i-5% yetyuwa ekhulileyo inciphisa ixesha lomngcipheko ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-36.

Ukuxukuxa rhoqo ukuze kuqalise ukubola kwe-oxygen boosted nitrite nge-40%.

Kwiingozi zokuvezwa kwe-nitrite ephezulu, iindlela zokulungisa zibonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle:

Ukongeza umgubo we-vitamin C oyi-0.1% iiyure ezi-6 kunciphisa i-nitrite ngama-60%.

Ukuxuba negalikhi entsha (3% ngokobunzima) kufumene iziphumo ezifanayo.

Olu phononongo luqinisekisa ukuba iingozi ekutyeni okubilisiweyo okwenziwe ekhaya ziyaqikelelwa kwaye ziyalawuleka. Ngokuqonda amandla e-nitrite kunye nokusebenzisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo—njengokugcina ityuwa eyi-2.5%, ulawulo lobushushu olucwangcisiweyo, kunye nonyango lwangaphambi kwezithako—abathengi banokukonwabela ukutya okubilisiweyo kwendabuko ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukugcina "irekhodi yokubilisa" yokulandelela ubushushu, ixesha, kunye nezinye iiparameter kuyacetyiswa, ukuguqula iindlela zasekhitshini zibe ziinkqubo ezinolwazi lwesayensi, eziqaphela umngcipheko.