izindaba

1. Inyama Ebandayo vs. Inyama Eqandisiwe: Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezincazelo Nezinqubo Zokucubungula

1)Inyama Ebandayo: Ukusha Kugcinwa Emazingeni Okushisa Aphansi Kuyo Yonke Inqubo

Inyama ebandayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi inyama egcinwe ebanda esusiwe i-lactic acid, ilandela lezi zinyathelo zokucubungula:

• Ukupholisa Okusheshayo Ngemva Kokuhlatshwa: Ngemva kokuhlatshwa, isidumbu sipholiswa ngokushesha sibe yi-0-4°C zingakapheli amahora ama-2 ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuzala kwamagciwane.
• Ukususwa kwe-Lactic Acid: Bese ishiywa ukuze iphumule endaweni yokushisa engaguquki amahora angama-24-48 ukuze ibole i-lactic acid, ithambise imicu yemisipha, futhi ithuthukise ukunambitheka.
• Ukuthuthwa Kwe-Cold Chain Kuyo Yonke Indawo: Kusukela ekucutshungulweni kuya ekuthengisweni, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga lika-0-4°C, kanye nokuphila okujwayelekile kweshelufu kwezinsuku ezingu-3-7.

2)Inyama Eqandisiwe: Ukuqandisa Okusheshayo "Esimweni Sangempela"

Ingqikithi yokucubungula inyama eqandisiwe ilele "ebuchwephesheni bokuqandisa ngokushesha":

• Ukuqandisa Okusheshayo: Inyama entsha ngemva kokuhlatshwa iqandiswa ngokushesha endaweni engaphansi kuka-28°C, okubangela amanzi angaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ukuba akhe amakristalu amancane eqhwa, okunciphisa umonakalo kwikhwalithi yenyama.
• Isitoreji Sesikhathi Eside: Ingagcinwa efrijini elingaguquki ku--18°C izinyanga ezingu-6-12 futhi kufanele idliwe ngokushesha okukhulu ngemva kokuncibilika. 

Umehluko Oyinhloko:Inyama ebandayo igcizelela "ukunambitheka okusha nokuthambile" kodwa inesikhathi esifushane sokugcina. Inyama eqandisiwe idela ukunambitheka okuthile ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside.

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwenani Lamagciwane ElipheleleUkuhlolwa: Inselele Ephindwe Kabili Yesikhathi Nezinga Lokushisa

Ukuze kuqhathaniswe ukuphepha kwamagciwane kwezinhlobo ezimbili zenyama, isikhungo sokuhlola esigunyaziwe senze ukuhlolwa okuhlangene kwengulube evela eqenjini elifanayo, silingisa izimo zokugcina ekhaya:

Umklamo Wokuhlola

• Ukuqoqwa Kwesampula: I-tenderloin yengulube entsha yahlukaniswa yaba yiqembu lenyama ebandayo (eqandisiwe ku-0-4°C) kanye neqembu lenyama eqandisiwe (eqandisiwe ku--18°C).
• Amaphuzu Esikhathi Sokuhlola: Usuku 1 (isimo sokuqala), Usuku 3, Usuku 7, kanye noSuku 14 (kuphela eqenjini eliqandisiwe).
• Izinkomba Zokuhlola: Inani eliphelele lamagciwane (CFU/g), amagciwane e-coliform, kanye namagciwane abangela izifo (I-SalmonellafuthiI-Staphylococcus aureus).

Imiphumela Yokuhlola

Isikhathi Sokuhlola	Inani Eliphelele Lamagciwane Enyameni Ebandayo (CFU/g)	Inani Eliphelele Lamagciwane Enyameni Eqandisiwe (CFU/g)
Usuku 1	3.2×10⁴	1.1×10⁴
Usuku 3	8.5×10⁵	1.3×10⁴ (engancibilikiswanga)
Usuku 7	2.3×10⁷ (kudlule umkhawulo ojwayelekile kazwelonke)	1.5×10⁴ (engancibilikiswanga)
Usuku lwe-14	-	2.8×10⁴ (engancibilikiswanga)

Ukuhlolwa Kwenyama Eqandisiwe Ngemva Kokuncibilikisa:

Ngemva kokuncibilika nokufakwa endaweni enamazinga okushisa angu-4°C amahora angu-24, inani lamagciwane lilonke lenyuka laya ku-4.8×10⁵ CFU/g, lasondela ezingeni lenyama ebandayo ngosuku lwesithathu.

Isiphetho Sokuhlola

1) Inyama Ebandayo: Inani eliphelele lamagciwane liyanda kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lidlula umkhawulo we-1×10⁷ CFU/g ochazwe ku-"National Food Safety Standard" yaseShayina (GB 2707-2016) ngosuku lwesi-7.

2) Inyama Eqandisiwe: Ukuzala kwebhaktheriya cishe akumi ndawonye ku--18°C, kodwa umsebenzi webhaktheriya uqala kabusha ngokushesha ngemva kokuncibilika, okusheshisa ukonakala.

3) Ingozi Yamagciwane Abangela Izifo: Awekho amagciwane abangela izifo njengeSalmonella atholakale kunoma yiliphi iqembu lamasampula. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu lamagciwane lingaholela ekuwohlokeni nasekunganukini, okwandisa ingozi yokudliwa.

1. Imibono Engalungile Yokusetshenziswa kanye Nomhlahlandlela Wokuthenga Wesayensi

Umbono Ongafanele 1Ingabe inyama ebandayo iphephile ngempela kunenyama eqandisiwe?
Iqiniso: Ukuphepha kokubili kuncike ezimweni zokugcina. Uma inyama ebandayo ivezwa emashalofini ezitolo ezinkulu isikhathi eside kakhulu noma igcinwe ekhaya izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu, ingozi ingaba phezulu kunenyama eqandisiwe.

Umbono Ongafanele 2: Ingabe inyama eqandisiwe ilahlekelwa kakhulu izakhamzimba?
IqinisoUbuchwepheshe besimanje bokuqandisa ngokushesha bungagcina izakhamzimba ezingaphezu kuka-90%, kuyilapho inyama ebandayo ithambekele ekulahlekelweni amavithamini afana ne-B1 ngenxa yokusabela kwe-oxidation kanye ne-enzyme hydrolysis. 

Izincomo Zokuthenga Nokugcina Izimpahla Zesayensi
1) Ngenyama Ebandayo:

Uma uthenga, qaphela umbala (obomvu okhanyayo ocwebezelayo), ukuthungwa (okumanzi kancane futhi okunganamatheli), kanye nephunga (elingenaphunga elimuncu noma elibi).

Ukuze ugcine inyama ekhaya, vala inyama ngepulasitiki bese uyibeka engxenyeni ebanda kakhulu yesiqandisi (ngokuvamile eduze kodonga olungemuva), uyidle zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu.

2)Ngenyama Eqandisiwe:

Khetha imikhiqizo enezinhlayiya zeqhwa ezincane kanye nokupakishwa okungonakalanga, ugweme "inyama ye-zombie" encibilikisiwe futhi yaqandiswa kabusha.

Uma uncibilikisa, sebenzisa indlela "yokukhuphuka kancane kancane kwezinga lokushisa": dlulisela kusuka efrijini uye esiqandisini amahora ayi-12, bese ucwilisa emanzini anosawoti ukuze uhlanze amagciwane.

3)Izimiso Ezijwayelekile:

Hlanza ubuso benyama ngamanzi agobhozayo ngaphambi kokupheka, kodwa gwema ukucwilisa isikhathi eside.

Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokupheka langaphakathi lifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-75°C ukuze uqede ngokuphelele amagciwane.