izindaba

1. Inyama Ebandayo vs. Inyama Eqandisiwe: Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezincazelo Nezinqubo Zokucubungula

1)Inyama Ebandayo: Intsha Ilondolozwe Emazingeni Okushisa Aphansi Kuyo Yonke Inqubo

Inyama epholile, eyaziwa nangokuthi inyama egcinwe emakhazeni ekhishwe i-lactic acid, ilandela lezi zinyathelo zokucubungula:

• Ukupholisa Ngokushesha Ngemva Kokuhlaba: Ngemva kokuhlatshwa, isidumbu sipholiswa ngokushesha sibe ngu-0-4°C phakathi namahora ama-2 ukuze kuvinjwe ukuzala kwamagciwane.
• Ukususwa kwe-Lactic Acid: Ibe isiyekwa ukuthi iphumule endaweni eshisayo engashintshi amahora angama-24-48 ukuze ibole i-lactic acid, ithambe imicu yemisipha, futhi ithuthukise ukunambitheka.
• I-Cold Chain Transportation Kuwo wonke: Kusukela ekucutshungulweni kuya ekuthengisweni, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga lika-0-4°C, nempilo yeshelufu evamile yezinsuku ezingu-3-7.

2)Inyama Eqandisiwe: Amalokhi Aqanda Kakhulu "Esimeni Sangempela"

Umnyombo wokucubungula inyama eqandisiwe uku "ubuchwepheshe bokuqandisa ngokushesha":

• Ukubanda Okusheshayo: Inyama entsha ngemva kokuhlatshwa iqandiswa ngokushesha endaweni engaphansi kuka -28°C, okubangela amanzi angaphakathi kwamangqamuzana akhe amakristalu eqhwa amancane, okunciphisa ukulimala kwekhwalithi yenyama.
• Isitoreji Sesikhathi Eside: Ingagcinwa efrijini elingaguquki efrijini elingu-18°C izinyanga eziyi-6-12 futhi kufanele idliwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuncibilika. 

Umehluko Obalulekile:Inyama epholile igcizelela "ukunambitheka okusha nokuthambile" kodwa inefasitela lokugcina elifushane. Inyama eqandisiwe idela ukunambitheka okuthile impilo yeshelufu ende.

1. Ukuhlolwa Kwesibalo Samagciwane EsipheleleIsilingo: Inselele Ekabili Yesikhathi Nezinga Lokushisa

Ukuze kuqhathaniswe ukuphepha kwamagciwane ezinhlobo ezimbili zenyama, isikhungo sokuhlola esigunyaziwe senze ukuhlolwa okuhlanganisiwe kwengulube evela kuqoqo elifanayo, silingisa izimo zokugcina ekhaya:

Idizayini Yokuhlola

• Ukuhlukaniswa Kwesampula: Inyama yengulube entsha yahlukaniswa yaba yiqembu lenyama ebandayo (esiqandisini ku-0-4°C) kanye neqembu lenyama eqandisiwe (eliqandiswe ku -18°C).
• Amaphuzu Esikhathi Sokuhlola: Usuku 1 (isimo sokuqala), Usuku 3, Usuku 7, Nosuku 14 (olweqembu elifriziwe kuphela).
• Izinkomba Zokuhlola: Isamba senani lamagciwane (CFU/g), amagciwane e-coliform, nama-pathogenic bacteria (I-SalmonellafuthiI-Staphylococcus aureus).

Imiphumela Yokuhlola

Isikhathi sokuhlola	Isamba Sesibalo Samagciwane Enyama Ebandayo (CFU/g)	Ingqikithi Yesibalo Samagciwane Enyama Eqandisiwe (CFU/g)
Usuku 1	3.2×10⁴	1.1×10⁴
Usuku 3	8.5×10⁵	1.3×10⁴ (okungaxutshiwe)
Usuku 7	2.3×10⁷ (kweqa umkhawulo ojwayelekile kazwelonke)	1.5×10⁴ (okungaxutshiwe)
Usuku 14	-	2.8×10⁴ (okungaxutshiwe)

Ukuhlolwa Kwenyama Eqandisiwe Ngemva Kokuncibilika:

Ngemva kokuncibilika nokubekwa endaweni engu-4°C amahora angu-24, inani lamagciwane seliphelele lenyuka laya ku-4.8×10⁵ CFU/g, lafinyelela ezingeni lenyama ebandayo ngosuku lwesi-3.

Isiphetho Sokulinga

1) Inyama Ebandayo: Isamba sesibalo samagciwane sikhuphuka kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, sidlula umkhawulo we-1×10⁷ CFU/g ocaciswe "Kuzinga Lokuphepha Kokudla Likazwelonke" laseChina (GB 2707-2016) ngosuku lwesi-7.

2) Inyama Eqandisiwe: Ukuzala kwamagciwane kucishe kumile ku--18°C, kodwa umsebenzi wamagciwane uqalisa kabusha ngokushesha ngemva kokuncibilika, ukonakala ngokushesha.

I-3) Ingozi Yebhaktheriya Ye-Pathogenic: Awekho amagciwane e-pathogenic afana ne-Salmonella atholwe kunoma yiliphi iqembu lamasampula. Kodwa-ke, inani eliphelele lamabhaktheriya eliphelele lingaholela ekulimaleni nasekunukeni, kwandise ingozi yokuwadla.

1. Imibono Engalungile Yokusetshenziswa kanye Nomhlahlandlela Wokuthenga Wesayensi

Umbono oyiphutha 1: Ingabe inyama ebandayo iphephile ngempela kunenyama eqandisiwe?
Iqiniso: Ukuphepha kwakho kokubili kuncike ezimeni zokugcina. Uma inyama ebandayo ivezwa emashalofini esuphamakethe isikhathi eside kakhulu noma igcinwe ekhaya isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu, ingozi ingase ibe phezulu kunaleyo yenyama eqandisiwe.

Umbono oyiphutha 2: Ingabe inyama eqandisiwe ilahlekelwa umsoco omkhulu?
Iqiniso: Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuqanda ngokushesha bungagcina ngaphezu kuka-90% wemisoco, kuyilapho inyama ebandayo ijwayele ukulahlekelwa amavithamini afana ne-B1 ngenxa ye-oxidation kanye nokusabela kwe-enzymatic hydrolysis. 

Izincomo Zokuthenga Nezokulondolozwa Kwesayensi
1) Okwenyama Ebandayo:

Lapho uthenga, bheka umbala (obomvu ngokugqamile okucwebezelayo), ukuthungwa (okumanzi kancane futhi akunamatheli), kanye nephunga (elingenalo iphunga elimuncu noma elibomvu).

Ukuze ugcine ikhaya, vala inyama ngokugoqa epulasitiki bese uyibeka endaweni ebanda kakhulu yesiqandisi (ngokuvamile eduze nodonga olungemuva), uyidle phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu.

2)Ngenyama Eqandisiwe:

Khetha imikhiqizo enamakristalu eqhwa amancane nokupakishwa okungalimele, ugweme "inyama ye-zombie" encibilikisiwe futhi yaqandiswa kabusha.

Lapho uncibilika, sebenzisa indlela "yokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kancane kancane": dlulisa usuka efrijini uye esiqandisini amahora angu-12, bese ucwilisa emanzini anosawoti ukuze uvale inzalo.

3)Izimiso ezijwayelekile:

Hlanza ingaphezulu lenyama ngamanzi agobhozayo ngaphambi kokupheka, kodwa gwema ukucwiliswa emanzini isikhathi eside.

Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lokupheka lifinyelela ngaphezu kuka-75°C ukuze uwacime ngokuphelele amagciwane.