Phakathi kwesizinda esibi kakhulu sezinkinga zokuphepha kokudla, uhlobo olusha lwekhithi yokuhlola olusekelwe ku-Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Immunosorbent Okuxhunywe Ku-enzyme (ELISA)kancane kancane iba ithuluzi elibalulekile emkhakheni wokuhlola ukuphepha kokudla. Ayigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngezindlela ezinembile nezisebenzayo zokuqapha ikhwalithi yokudla kodwa futhi yakha umugqa oqinile wokuzivikela wokuphepha kokudla kwabathengi.
Isimiso sekhithi yokuhlola ye-ELISA sisekusebenziseni ukusabela okuqondile kokubopha phakathi kwe-antigen kanye ne-antibody ukuze kunqunywe ngobuningi okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqondiwe ekudleni ngokusebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa kombala we-substrate e-catalyzed enzyme. Inqubo yokusebenza kwayo ilula kakhulu futhi inokuqonda okuphezulu nokuzwela, okuvumela ukuhlonza nokulinganisa okunembile kwezinto eziyingozi ekudleni, njenge-aflatoxin, i-ochratoxin A, kanyeUbuthi be-T-2.
Ngokuphathelene nezinqubo ezithile zokusebenza, ikhithi yokuhlola ye-ELISA ivame ukufaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Okokuqala, isampula yokudla okufanele ihlolwe idinga ukucutshungulwa ngendlela efanele, njengokukhipha nokuhlanzwa, ukuze kutholakale isisombululo sesampula esingasetshenziswa ukuthola.
2. Ukwengezwa kwesampula: Isixazululo sesampula esicutshunguliwe sengezwa emithonjeni ekhethiwe epuletini le-ELISA, lapho umthombo ngamunye uhambisana nento ezohlolwa.
3. Ukufukamela: Ipuleti le-ELISA elinamasampula engeziwe lifukamela ekushiseni okufanele isikhathi esithile ukuze kuvunyelwe ukubopha okugcwele phakathi kwama-antigen nama-antibodies.
4. Ukugeza: Ngemva kokufukamela, ikhambi lokugeza lisetshenziswa ukususa ama-antigen noma ama-antibodies angaboshiwe, okunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokubopha okungaqondile.
5.Ukwengezwa kwe-substrate kanye nokuthuthukiswa kombala: Isixazululo se-substrate sengezwa emthonjeni ngamunye, futhi i-enzyme eku-antibody enelebula le-enzyme ivuselela i-substrate ukuze ithuthukise umbala, yakha umkhiqizo onombala.
6. Ukulinganisa: Inani lokumuncwa komkhiqizo onombala emthonjeni ngamunye lilinganiswa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi anjenge-ELISA reader. Okuqukethwe kwento ezohlolwa kubalwa ngokusekelwe ku-curve ejwayelekile.
Kunezimo eziningi zokusetshenziswa kwamakhithi okuhlola e-ELISA ekuhlolweni kokuphepha kokudla. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuqapha ukuphepha kokudla okuvamile kanye nokuhlolwa kwamasampula, iziphathimandla ezilawula imakethe zisebenzise ikithi lokuhlola le-ELISA ukuthola ngokushesha nangokunembile amazinga e-aflatoxin B1 ngokweqile kumafutha amakinati akhiqizwa umshini wokugaya uwoyela. Kwathathwa izinyathelo ezifanele zokujezisa ngokushesha, okuvimbela ngempumelelo into eyingozi ukuthi ingabeki abathengi engozini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi kulula ukusebenza, ukunemba, kanye nokuthembeka kwayo, ikhithi yokuhlola ye-ELISA isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kokuphepha kokudla okuhlukahlukene njengemikhiqizo yasemanzini, imikhiqizo yenyama, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi. Ayigcini nje ngokufinyeza isikhathi sokutholwa futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi inikeza ukwesekwa okunamandla kwezobuchwepheshe kweziphathimandla ezilawulayo ukuze kuqiniswe ukubhekwa kwemakethe yokudla.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngokuphepha kokudla phakathi kwabantu, amakhithi okuhlola e-ELISA azodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokuhlolwa kokuphepha kokudla. Esikhathini esizayo, sibheke phambili ekuveleni okuqhubekayo kwezindlela ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, sikhuthaze ngokubambisana intuthuko enamandla yemboni yokuphepha kokudla futhi sinikeze isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokuphepha kokudla kwabathengi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 12-2024