izindaba

I. "Indawo Empunga" Yezindinganiso Zemvelo

Ukuvula "Imithetho Yokusetshenziswa Kwesitifiketi Somkhiqizo Wezinto Eziphilayo," Isigaba 7 seSahluko 2 sibala ngokusobala izinhlobo ezingama-59 zezibulala-zinambuzane ezivela ezitshalweni namaminerali ezivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane efana ne-azadirachtin ne-pyrethrins ifakiwe ngokusobala. Nakuba lezi zinto ezikhishwe ezitshalweni zemvelo zichazwa ngokuthi "ubuthi obuphansi," ukufafaza ngokweqile kungase kuholele ezinsaleleni. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukuthi amazinga okuqinisekisa abeka isikhathi sokuhlanzwa kwenhlabathi sezinyanga ezingama-36, kodwa ama-metabolites e-glyphosate avela emijikelezweni yokulima yangaphambilini asatholakala emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kwezinye izisekelo eNorth China Plain.

Amacala kai-chlorpyrifosIzinsalela emibikweni yokuhlola ziyisixwayiso. Isisekelo esisodwa esiqinisekisiwe, esiseduze nepulazi lendabuko, sahlushwa ukungcoliswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngesikhathi semvula, okwaholela ekutholakaleni kwensalela ye-organophosphorus engu-0.02 mg/kg kumasampula esipinashi. Lokhu "kungcoliswa okungenamsebenzi" kuveza ukungalingani kohlelo lokuqinisekisa olukhona ekuqapheni ngokuqhubekayo indawo yokulima, kudabula isikhala ekuhlanzekeni kwezolimo eziphilayo.

II. Iqiniso Lidalulwa EmaLabhorethri

Uma besebenzisa i-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, ochwepheshe babeka umkhawulo wokuthola amasampula ezingeni lika-0.001 mg/kg. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi amasampula angu-90% amahle ayenamazinga ezinsalela angu-1/50 kuya ku-1/100 kuphela alawo asemifino evamile, okulingana nokuphonsa amaconsi amabili e-inki echibini lokubhukuda elijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokuthola besimanje ivumele ukubanjwa kwama-molecule ezingeni elilodwa kubhiliyoni, okwenza "izinsalela ze-zero" ngokuphelele kube umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka.

Ubunzima bezintambo zokungcoliswa okuphambeneyo bungaphezu kokucatshangwa. Ukungcola kwezindawo zokugcina impahla ngenxa yezimoto zokuhamba ezingahlanzwanga kahle kubangela u-42% wamazinga ezigameko, kuyilapho ukungcola kokuxhumana okubangelwa ukubekwa okuxubile emashalofini ezitolo ezinkulu kubangela u-31%. Okubi nakakhulu, ama-antibiotic axutshwe kwezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa zomanyolo wemvelo ekugcineni angena emaseli emifino ngokuqongelela kwezinto eziphilayo.

III. Indlela Enengqondo Yokwakha Kabusha Ukwethembana

Ebhekene nombiko wokuhlola, umlimi wemvelo ubonise "uhlelo lwakhe lokulandelela olusobala": Ikhodi ye-QR kuphakheji ngayinye ivumela ukubuza isilinganiso sengxube yeBordeaux esetshenzisiwe kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi yamakhilomitha amathathu azungezile. Le ndlela yokubeka izinqubo zokukhiqiza obala ivuselela ukuzethemba kwabathengi.

Ochwepheshe bokuphepha kokudla batusa ukusebenzisa "indlela yokuhlanza kathathu": ukucwilisa emanzini e-baking soda ukuze kubole izibulala-zinambuzane ezincibilika emafutheni, kusetshenziswa isihlanzi se-ultrasonic ukususa ama-adsorbates angaphezulu, kanye noku-blanching imizuzwana emi-5 ku-100°C ukuze kuvinjwe ama-enzyme ezinto eziphilayo. Lezi zindlela zingasusa ama-trace residues angu-97.6%, okwenza umugqa wokuvikela impilo uqine kakhulu.

Idatha yokuhlola elebhu akufanele isebenze njengesigwebo sokuphika inani lezolimo eziphilayo. Uma siqhathanisa i-0.008 mg/kg yensalela ye-chlorpyrifos ne-1.2 mg/kg etholwe ku-celery evamile, sisabona ukusebenza okuphawulekayo kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza eziphilayo ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Mhlawumbe ubumsulwa beqiniso abukho ku-zero ngokuphelele, kodwa ekusondeleni ku-zero njalo, okudinga abakhiqizi, abalawuli, kanye nabathengi ukuthi bahlanganise inethiwekhi yekhwalithi eqinile.