Emkhakheni wokuphepha kokudla, igama elithi "izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane"Kuhlala kubangela ukukhathazeka komphakathi. Lapho imibiko yabezindaba yembula izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezitholakala emifinweni evela kumkhiqizo othile, izingxenye zokuphawula zigcwele amalebula aqhutshwa ukwesaba anjengokuthi "imikhiqizo enobuthi." Lokhu kuqonda okungalungile—ukulinganisa "izinsalela ezitholakele" "nezingozi zempilo"—kudale ukungathembani okungadingekile ngokuphepha kokudla. Kuyaphuthuma ukusungula uhlaka lwesayensi lokunciphisa umsindo ngokucabanga okunengqondo.
I. Ukubekwa Okujwayelekile: Ibhalansi Ebucayi Phakathi Kwesayensi Nomkhuba
Imikhawulo yezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane esungulwe yi-Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) iyisiphetho sezinkulungwane zezifundo ezinobuthi. Ososayensi banquma izinga eliphezulu lomphumela omubi (NOAEL) ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zezilwane, bese besebenzisa isici sokuphepha esiphindwe kayi-100 ukuze babale i-Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) yabantu. Isibonelo, i-ADI yei-chlorpyrifosingu-0.01 mg/kg, okusho ukuthi umuntu omdala onesisindo esingu-60 kg angadla ngokuphepha u-0.6 mg nsuku zonke.
Izinga lamanje laseShayinaI-GB 2763-2021ihlanganisa imikhawulo yezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ezingu-564 kuzo zonke izigaba zokudla ezingu-387, ihambisana ngokuguquguqukayo nemithetho e-EU nase-US Isibonelo, umkhawulo we-procymidone kuma-leeks ngu-0.2 mg/kg eShayina uma kuqhathaniswa no-0.1 mg/kg e-EU. Umehluko onjalo uvela emikhubeni yokudla, hhayi ukungavumelani okuyisisekelo ngokuphepha.
II. Ubuchwepheshe Bokuthola: Ugibe Lokuqonda Lwezinsimbi Zokucacisa
Izinsimbi zokuhlaziya zesimanje zingabona izinsalela ku-izingxenye ngebhiliyoni (ppb)amazinga. I-Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) ithola amazinga afana nokuncibilikisa uhlamvu olulodwa lukasawoti echibini lokubhukuda elingange-Olympic. Lokhu kuzwela kusho ukuthi izinsalela "ezingabonakali" ziya ngokuya zingavamile. Ngo-2024, izinsalela ezivamile zezibulala-zinambuzane zatholakala ku-68% wemikhiqizo yezolimo eyathathwa amasampula, kodwa yi-1.4% kuphela eyedlule imikhawulo—okufakazela ukuthi"ukutholwa kuvamile, ukweqa amazinga akuvamile."
Iubukhulu bezinsalelakubaluleke kakhulu. Ku-cypermethrin, umkhawulo kuma-citrus ngu-2 mg/kg. Ukuze ufinyelele umthamo oyingozi, umuntu kungadingeka adle ama-200 kg ama-citrus ahambisanayo—ukuhlolwa kwengozi okungenangqondo njengokwesaba usawoti wetafula (umthamo obulalayo omaphakathi: 3 g/kg).
III. Ukuphathwa Kwengozi: Ukuzivikela Okunezigaba Eziningi Kokuphepha Kokudla
UMnyango Wezolimo waseShayina wenze intuthuko ngezinhlelo ezifana ne-"Umkhankaso Okhethekile Wokulawulwa Kwezidakamizwa Ezingavunyelwe kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi," ukufinyelela izinga lokuthobela imithetho elingu-97.6% ngo-2024. Izinhlelo zokulandelela i-Blockchain manje ziqapha izisekelo zokukhiqiza ezingu-2,000, zilandelela amaphuzu edatha angu-23 kusukela epulazini kuya efolokweni. Abathengi bangaskena amakhodi e-QR ukuze bafinyelele amarekhodi okusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nemibiko yelebhu.
Uma bebhekene "nezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane" emibikweni yokuhlolwa, abathengi kufanele baqaphele:ukutholwa ≠ ukwephulwa, futhi izinsalela ezilandelanayo azibeki engcupheni yempilo. Ukugeza umkhiqizo ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo imizuzwana engama-30 kususa ama-80% ezinsalela ezingaphezulu. Okuyingozi kakhulu yizimangalo eziqinile ezifana nokuthi "zonke izibulala-zinambuzane ziyingozi," ezisongela isisekelo sezolimo zanamuhla.
Enkathini yomhlaba olimekayo onzima kanye nokukhula kwenani labantu, izibulala-zinambuzane zisabalulekile ekuphepheni kokudla. Ngokuhlukanisa "ukutholwa" "nokweqa amazinga," nokuqonda umehluko phakathi kuka-0.01 mg no-1 mg, sibalekela ukucabanga okubili. Ukuphepha kokudla akukhona mayelana nengozi engekho, kodwaingozi ephethwe—umzamo wokubambisana odinga abalawuli, abakhiqizi, kanye nabathengi ukuba bamukele isayensi ngaphezu kokuvusa imizwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-16-2025