Tšireletseho ea lijo ke ntho e amehang haholo liketaneng tsa phepelo ea lefatše. Masalla a kang lithibela-mafu lihlahisoa tsa lebese kapa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ka bongata litholoana le meroho e ka tsosa likhohlano tsa khoebo ea machaba kapa likotsi tsa bophelo ba bareki. Le ha mekhoa ea khale ea tlhahlobo ea lab (mohlala, HPLC, mass spectrometry) e fana ka nepo, litšenyehelo tsa bona tse phahameng, linako tse telele tsa phetoho, le ho rarahana ha ts'ebetso hangata li hloleha ho fihlela litlhoko tsa nako ea nnete tsa likhoebo tse kopaneng.Li-strip tsa tlhahlobo tse potlakilenglelisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea immunosorbent (ELISA) tse amanang le enzymeli hlahile e le litharollo tse baballang chelete, tse tenyetsehang bakeng sa baetsi ba lijo, barekisi ba kantle ho naha, le mekhatlo ea taolo. Sengoliloeng sena se hlahloba ts'ebeliso ea bona ts'ireletseho ea lijo tsa lefats'e, se shebane le ho lemoha lithibela-mafu tsa lebese le tlhahlobo ea masala a chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana.
I. Papiso ea Theknoloji: Lebelo, Litšenyehelo, le ho Nepaha
1. Melato e Potlakileng ea Tlhahlobo: Mohlabani oa ho Hlakola Setšeng
Lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse potlakileng li sebelisa theknoloji ea immunochromatographic ho hlahisa liphetho tsa pono (mohlala, lihlopha tse mebala) nakong ea metsotso e 5-15 ka karabelo ea antigen-antibody. Melemo ea bohlokoa e kenyelletsa:
Theko e tlase haholo: Ka $ 1-5 ka teko, li loketse ho hlahloba maqhubu a phahameng. Mohlala, limela tsa lebese li sebelisa likhoele ho shebisisa lebese le tala letsatsi le leng le le leng bakeng sa lithibela-mafu tsa beta-lactam (mohlala, penicillin), ho thibela lihlopha tse nang le tšoaetso ho kena tlhahisong.
Tshebetso ntle le lisebelisoa: Liprothokholo tse bonolo li thusa basebetsi ba pele ho etsa liteko ka mor'a koetliso e fokolang. Barekisi ba temo ba lefats'e ka bophara ba romela likhoele boema-kepeng ho hlahloba masalla a chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana (mohlala, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil) khahlano le maemo a tsoang kantle ho naha joalo ka EU Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs).
Leha ho le joalo, likhoele li na le mefokolo: kutloisiso (70–90%) le liphetho tsa semi-quantitative li ka fosa mesaletsa ea mohlala. Mohlala, lithibela-mafu tsa sulfonamide lebeseng haufi le moeli oa EU (10 μg/kg) li ipeha kotsing ea li-negative tsa bohata.
2. ELISA Kits: Precision Meets Throughput
ELISA e lekanya lipehelo ka karabelo ea enzyme-substrate, ho fihlela kutloisiso ea boemo ba pg/mL le ts'ebetso ea batch (mohlala, lipoleiti tsa liliba tse 96):
Ho nepahala ho phahameng le bongata: Bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lumellana le taolo. US FDA e laela lithibela-mafu tsa tetracycline ka lebeseng tse sa feteng 300 μg/kg; ELISA e netefatsa tekanyo e nepahetseng ho qoba likotlo tsa khoebo.
Tšebeliso e ntle ea litšenyehelo tse mahareng: Ka $5-20 tekong ka 'ngoe, ELISA e hloka sebali sa samicroplate (3,000–$8,000). Bakeng sa likhoebo tse mahareng tse sebetsanang le lisampole tse 50-200 tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, litšenyehelo tsa nako e telele li fokotsa ho fana ka lits'ebeletso ho lilaboratori.
Leha ho le joalo, ELISA e hloka lihora tse 2-4 ka lebelo le liprothokholo tse emeng, tse hlokang basebetsi ba nang le boiphihlelo.
II. Khetho ea Leano Litabeng Tsa Lefatše
Liketsahalo tse Tharo tse Ratang Liteko tse potlakileng tsa liteko
Tlhahlobo ea Ketane ea Phepelo e Phahameng
Li-strips li thibela ka potlako lisebelisoa tse tala tse kotsi haholo. Barekisi ba soya ba Brazil ba tsoang kantle ho naha ba sirelletsa masala a glyphosate pele a romelloa, ba romella feela lihlopha tse mpe bakeng sa netefatso ea lab - ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahlobo ka ho feta 30%.
Litlhahlobo tsa ho Ikamahanya le Meeli e Felletseng
Merero kapa bahlahlobi ba libuka ba sebelisa li-strip boema-kepeng kapa libakeng tsa polokelo ho qoba tieho ea thepa. Barekisi ba li-shrimp tsa Vietnam ba lekola metabolite ea nitrofuran ka likhoele ho ikamahanya le Positive List System ea Japane.
Libaka tse Lekanyelitsoeng Mehloli
Mapolasi a manyenyane kapa li-processor linaheng tse tsoelang pele li itšetlehile ka li-strip bakeng sa taolo ea likotsi. Likoporasi tsa lebese la Afrika li hlahloba lebese bakeng sa lithibela-mafu sebakeng seo, li lebisa lisampole tse ntle ho lilaboratori tsa libaka.
Maemo a mararo a Ratang ELISA Kits
Ho Romella Setifikeiti le Likhohlano tsa Molao
Ho nepahala le ho lateloa ha ELISA ke tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lateloa ke molao. Barekisi ba linoko ba India ba fana ka litlaleho tsa aflatoxin B1 tse thehiloeng ho ELISA (moeli oa EU: 2 μg/kg) ho kopana le EC No. 1881/2006.
Litlhoko tsa ho Fetola Hare-ho-Holimo
Bahlahisi ba baholo kapa li-laboratory tse bohareng ba rua molemo ho ts'ebetso ea ELISA ea batch. Feme ea lebese la Dutch e etsa liteko tsa lebese tse 500+ ka letsatsi bakeng sa beta-lactam le tetracycline nakong ea lihora tse 4.
R&D le Taolo ea Boleng
Lintlha tse ngata tsa ELISA li tšehetsa tlhahlobo ea nako e telele. Li-wineries tsa Chile li latela mekhoa ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ea carbendazim ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea serapa sa morara.
III. Melemo ea Litšenyehelo-Molemo oa Lefatše
Litšenyehelo tse Patiloeng le Phokotso ea Kotsi
Maemo a fosahetseng a tsoang ho li-strips a ka lebisa ho hopoleng (mohlala, ketsahalo ea Fora ea 2021 ea lebese la masea la salmonella), ha theko ea thepa ea ELISA e fokotseha ka sekhahla. Linaha tse ngata li amohela "strip screening + ELISA tiiso" ho leka-lekanya litšenyehelo le ho latela melao.
Khokahano ea Theknoloji
Li-strips tse ntlafalitsoeng ka Nanomaterial: Lihlopha tsa khauta tse ngotsoeng ka nanoparticle li lemoha lithibela-mafu ho 1 μg / kg, li atamela ho utloahala ha ELISA.
Babali ba ELISA ba nkehang: Lisebelisoa tse kopanetsoeng li nolofalletsa tlhahlobo ea sebaka ka tlase ho $ 1,500, e fokotsa lekhalo la ho sebetsa.
IV. Qetello: Ho aha Global Detection Network
Ho tsamaisa litekanyetso tse fapaneng tsa machabeng (mohlala, GB 2763 ea China, US EPA, EU EC), likhoebo tsa lijo li tlameha ho khetha lisebelisoa ka matla:
Metsu e potlakileng: Beha pele lebelo bakeng sa tlhahlobo e holimo, maemo a tšohanyetso, kapa litlhophiso tsa lisebelisoa tse tlase.
ELISA lisebelisoa: Fana ka ho nepahala bakeng sa setifikeiti, phallo e phahameng ea bohareng, le liqeto tse tsamaisoang ke data.
Likhoebo tsa lefats'e li lokela ho nka leano le nang le maemo a fapaneng: Mohlala, likoporasi tsa lebese la India li sebelisa li-strip bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea pele ea lithibela-mafu, ELISA bakeng sa netefatso ea sebaka, le li-labs tse amohetsoeng (mohlala, SGS, Eurofins) bakeng sa lisampole tse hanyetsanang. "Phiramide ea ho lemoha" e leka-lekanya katleho ea litšenyehelo le phokotso ea likotsi tsa khoebo, e matlafatsang tikoloho ea polokeho ea lijo lefatšeng ka bophara.
Nako ea poso: May-15-2025