Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe-aquaculture, imikhiqizo yasemanzini isiphenduke izithako ezibalulekile ematafuleni okudlela. Kodwa-ke, beqhutshwa ukuphishekela isivuno esiphezulu nezindleko eziphansi, abanye abalimi bayaqhubeka nokusebenzisa imithi yezilwane ngokungemthetho. Umbiko Kazwelonke wakamuva wango-2024 Wezinsalela Zemithi Yezilwane Emikhiqizweni Yamanzi okhishwe yi-National Food Quality and Safety Supervision and Inspection Center uveza ukuthi izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili zemikhiqizo yasemanzini zibonisa amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okutholwa kwemithi yezilwane evinjelwe uma kuqhathaniswa neminye, okuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okusabalele kwabathengi.
I. Uhlu Lwezingozi: Kungani Le Mikhiqizo Yasemanzini Eyisi-8 Iyingozi Kakhulu?
Ngokusekelwe kudatha yokuhlola yezwe lonke evela kumaqoqwana angu-3,000 emikhiqizo yasemanzini, lezi zigaba ezilandelayo zikhonjwa njengezingcuphe kakhulu ngenxa yemikhuba yokulima, izidingo zokumelana nezifo, nezinye izici:
- I-Farmed Perch/Trout:Kutholiwei-malachite eluhlazakanye ne-nitrofuran metabolites
- I-Shrimp (I-Prawn, i-Kuruma Shrimp):15% izinga lokudlulai-enrofloxacin
- I-Shellfish (Ama-Oyster, ama-Scallops):Izingozi ezimbili zezinsimbi ezisindayo kanyei-chloramphenicol
- Izimfudu Ezinamagobolondo Athambile:Kutholwe ama-hormone okukhula avinjelwe
- Amaxoxo:Izinsalela ezivelele ze-furazolidone metabolites
- I-Eels:Ukusetshenziswa njalo okufihliwe kwe-malachite eluhlaza
- I-Eels (Ehlobene Nokuthekelisa):Imibiko eminingi yaphesheya kwezilwandle yokudlula i-sulfonamide
- I-Tilapia:Kutholwe inoveli yama-antibiotic florfenicol
Umbiko uveza ukuthi ukulima okunengi kwenza lezi zilwane zihlaselwe yizifo, okudala ukuthi abanye abalimi basebenzise imithi evinjelwe ngokungemthetho ukuze kuvinjwe izifo noma kukhuliswe ukukhula. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zivame ukubonisa ubuthi obuphezulu kanye nokuwohloka okubi.
II. Izingozi Zezempilo: Izidakamizwa Ezivinjelwe Ezilwane Ziyisongela Kanjani Impilo?
Izingozi zeCarcinogenic kanye neTeratogenic
I-Malachite eluhlaza ihlukaniswa njenge-Group 2B carcinogen yi-IARC; I-nitrofuran metabolites ingalimaza i-DNA.
- Inkinga Yokumelana Namagciwane
Ukuthathwa kwemithi elwa namagciwane isikhathi eside kungazala amagciwane amelana nomuthi, kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kwesikhathi esizayo.
- Ubuthi Besibindi Nezinso
I-chloramphenicol noma i-sulfonamides eyeqile iphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-metabolic.
- Izingozi Zokuthuthukiswa Kwezingane
Izidakamizwa zezilwane zeHormonal zingase ziphazamise izinhlelo ze-endocrine, zithinte ukuthuthukiswa kwentsha.
III. I-Industry Insights evela ekuhlolweni okugunyaziwe
2024 izithombe ezinhle kakhulu zedatha yokuhlola:
Imikhiqizo yabalimi ngobuningi bemaketheibe nezinga lokutholwa kwezidakamizwa ezivinjelwe ngoku-4x (8.7%) kuneloisuphamakethe imikhiqizo epakishwe ngaphambilini(2.1%).
Izinga lokutholwa likhuphuke ngo-40%.ihlobongenxa yokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ngezikhathi zonyaka ezivame ukugula.
Ukuphumelela kokuhlolwa okusheshayo: I-Colloidal gold immunochromatography manje ihlola izidakamizwa ezijwayelekile ezi-6 ezivinjelwe phakathi nemizuzu engama-30, esiza ukulawula abantu abaphansi.
IV. Umhlahlandlela Wokuzivikela Wabathengi: Isu Lezinyathelo Ezi-4 Lokukhetha
Qinisekisa "Izitifiketi Ezikabili"
Hlola"Isitifiketi sokuhlukaniswa kwezilwane"futhi"Umbiko Wokuhlola Ikhwalithi Yamanzi"emaphaketheni.
Beka kuqala imikhiqizo ngamakhodi e-QR alandeleka ezindaweni zokulima namarekhodi emithi.
Spot Izici Ezisolisayo
Amabala amnyama kuma-shrimp noma ama-gill abomvu-mnyama ezinhlanzini angase abonise ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa.
Inyama eqine ngokweqile noma engapheki ingase ibonise ukwelashwa kwe-formaldehyde.
Amathiphu Okulungiselela Ukupheka Ngaphambili
Gcoba i-shellfish emanzini anosawoti amahora angu-2 ukuze ukhiphe ubuthi.
Khipha izitho zezinhlanzi/izinyosi ukuze kuqedwe 70%+ izinsalela zezidakamizwa ezincibilika ngamafutha.
Idokhumenti Yezikhalazo
Gcina ama-invoyisi namasampula omkhiqizo.
Izinkinga ezisolisayo zingabikwa kumalebhu aqinisekiswe yi-CMA (isb, izikhungo zokuhlola ikhwalithi yendawo).
V. Izazi Zinxusa: Yakha Uhlelo Olugcwele Lokulawula Uchungechunge
Abacwaningi abavela e-Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences bagcizelela ukuthi ukubhekana nezinsalela zezidakamizwa kudinga ukubambisana kwezinhlaka eziningi:
Isilawuli sangaphambili:Sungula "uhlu olumhlophe" lwezidakamizwa ze-aquaculture; khuthaza ezinye izindlela ze-herbal.
Ukulandelela inqubo:Lawula amalogi edijithali okusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (isikhathi/umthamo) emapulazini.
Izijeziso eziqinile:Ukuphoqelela ukuvinjelwa komkhakha wempilo yonke kwabaphula umthetho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-01-2025