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Ma nā wahi wela, haʻahaʻa a ʻē aʻe paha, maʻalahi ka meaʻai i ka maʻi. ʻO ka mea hewa nui, ʻo ia ka mold. ʻO ka ʻāpana polū a mākou e ʻike ai, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana kahi i hoʻomohala ʻia ai ka mycelium o ka mold, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka "maturity". A ma kahi kokoke i nā meaʻai poʻo, ua nui nā poʻo i ʻike ʻole ʻia. E hoʻomau ka laha ʻana o ka mold i ka meaʻai, pili ka laulā o kona pālahalaha ʻana i ka wai o ka meaʻai a me ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai poʻo e pōʻino nui i ke kino o ke kanaka.
He ʻano haʻiki ka poʻo. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo mycotoxin ka mea ʻawaʻawa i hana ʻia e ka mold. Hana ʻia ʻo Ochratoxin A e Aspergillus a me Penicillium. Ua ʻike ʻia he 7 mau ʻano Aspergillus a me 6 ʻano Penicillium hiki ke hana i ka ochratoxin A, akā ua hana nui ʻia e ka Penicillium viride maʻemaʻe, ochratoxin a me Aspergillus niger.
Hoʻopilikia ka toxin i nā huahana cereal, e like me ka oats, ka bale, ka palaoa, ke kulina a me ka hānai holoholona.
Hoʻopilikia nui ia i ke ake a me nā puʻupaʻa o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Hiki i ka nui o nā toxins ke hoʻoulu i ka mumū a me ka necrosis o ka mucosa intestinal i loko o nā holoholona, ​​​​a loaʻa pū kekahi i nā hopena carcinogenic, teratogenic a me mutagenic.
ʻO GB 2761-2017 nā palena maʻamau o ka mycotoxins i loko o ka meaʻai e kuhikuhi ana i ka nui o ka ochratoxin A i ʻae ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha, nā pīni a me kā lākou huahana ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 μg/kg;
Hōʻike ʻo GB 13078-2017 i ka maʻamau maʻemaʻe hānai ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ochratoxin A i ʻae ʻia ma mua o 100 μg/kg.
GB 5009.96-2016 kūlana palekana meaʻai aupuni Ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka ochratoxin A i ka meaʻai
GB / T 30957-2014 ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka ochratoxin A i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka kolamu immunoaffinity hana HPLC, etc.

Pehea e pale ai i ka pollution ochratoxinKe kumu o ka pollution ochratoxin i ka meaʻai
No ka mea o ka ochratoxin A ua hoolaha nui ia ma ke ano, nui na mea kanu a me na mea ai, e like me ka palaoa, hua maloo, huawaina a me ka waina, kope, koko a me ke kokoleka, Chinese laau lapaau, mea hoonoono, canned meaʻai, aila, olive, bean huahana, pia, kī a me nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻai hiki ke haumia e ka ochratoxin A nui loa ka hānai holoholona. Ma nā ʻāina kahi meaʻai ka mea nui o ka hānai holoholona, ​​​​e like me ʻEulopa, nā meaʻai holoholona i haumia e ka ochratoxin A, ka hopena i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ochratoxin A i loko o vivo. Ma muli o ka paʻa loa o ka ochratoxin A i nā holoholona a ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka metabolized a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia, ka meaʻai holoholona, ​​ʻoi aku ka nui o ka puʻupaʻa, ate, ʻiʻo a me ke koko o nā puaʻa, ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo Ochratoxin A i ka waiū a me nā huahana waiu. Hoʻopili ka poʻe i ka ochratoxin A ma o ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻiʻo holoholona i hoʻohaumia ʻia e ka ochratoxin A, a ua hōʻeha ʻia e ka ochratoxin A. ʻo ka mea i noiʻi ʻia a aʻo ʻia ma ka ochratoxin kahi matrix pollution ma ka honua he mau kīʻaha (palaoa, bale, kulina, raiki, etc.), kofe, waina, pia, kau.

Hiki ke lawe ʻia kēia mau hana e ka hale hana meaʻai
1. E koho pono i nā meaʻai maka o ke olakino a me ka palekana, a me nā ʻano mea kanu holoholona āpau i haumia e ka poʻi a lilo i hoʻololi qualitative. Hiki nō hoʻi i ka maʻi o nā mea maka i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.
2. No ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka palekana olakino o ke kaʻina hana, nā mea hana, nā ipu, nā kaʻa huli, nā papa hana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia i ka manawa kūpono a pili pono i ka meaʻai, e hopena i ka maʻi keʻa lua o ka bacteria.
3. E nānā pono i ka maʻemaʻe pilikino o nā limahana. No ka mea, ʻaʻole i pau ka disinfection o nā limahana, nā lole hana a me nā kāmaʻa, ma muli o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono ʻole a i ʻole ka hui ʻana me nā lole pilikino, ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana, e lawe ʻia ka bacteria i loko o ka hale hana hana ma o nā limahana i loko a i waho, e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni o ka hale hana.
4. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe a sterilized mau ka hale hana a me nā mea hana. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau o ka hale hana a me nā mea hana he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e pale ai i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka mold, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻoihana he nui ke hoʻokō.