nkhani

M'malo otentha, achinyezi kapena ena, chakudya chimatha kugwidwa ndi bowa. Choyambitsa chachikulu ndi nkhungu. Gawo lokhala ndi bowa lomwe timaona kwenikweni ndi gawo lomwe mycelium ya nkhungu imakula bwino ndikupangidwa, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha "kukhwima". Ndipo pafupi ndi chakudya chokhala ndi bowa, pakhala nkhungu zambiri zosaoneka. Nkhungu idzapitirira kufalikira mu chakudya, kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kwake kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi m'chakudya komanso kuopsa kwa bowa. Kudya chakudya chokhala ndi bowa kudzavulaza thupi la munthu kwambiri.
Nkhungu ndi mtundu wa bowa. Poizoni wopangidwa ndi nkhungu amatchedwa mycotoxin. Ochratoxin A imapangidwa ndi Aspergillus ndi Penicillium. Zapezeka kuti mitundu 7 ya Aspergillus ndi mitundu 6 ya Penicillium imatha kupanga ochratoxin A, koma imapangidwa makamaka ndi Penicillium viride, ochratoxin ndi Aspergillus niger.
Poizoniyu amawononga makamaka zinthu monga chimanga, barele, tirigu, chimanga ndi chakudya cha ziweto.
Zimawononga kwambiri chiwindi ndi impso za nyama ndi anthu. Kuchuluka kwa poizoni kungayambitsenso kutupa ndi kufa kwa mucosa m'matumbo mwa nyama, komanso kumayambitsa khansa, teratogenic ndi mutagenic kwambiri.
GB 2761-2017 muyezo wa chitetezo cha chakudya cha dziko lonse wa mycotoxins mu chakudya umati kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa ochratoxin A mu tirigu, nyemba ndi zinthu zake sikuyenera kupitirira 5 μ g/kg；
Muyezo wa ukhondo wa chakudya cha GB 13078-2017 umafotokoza kuti kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa ochratoxin A mu chakudya cha ziweto sikuyenera kupitirira 100 μ g/kg.
Muyezo wa GB 5009.96-2016 wa chitetezo cha chakudya cha dziko lonse Kutsimikiza kwa ochratoxin A mu chakudya
GB / T 30957-2014 kudziwa kwa ochratoxin A mu njira ya HPLC yoyeretsera immunoaffinity column, ndi zina zotero.

Momwe mungachepetsere kuipitsa kwa ochratoxinChifukwa cha kuipitsa kwa ochratoxin muzakudya
Popeza ochratoxin A imafalikira kwambiri m'chilengedwe, mbewu zambiri ndi zakudya, kuphatikizapo tirigu, zipatso zouma, mphesa ndi vinyo, khofi, koko ndi chokoleti, mankhwala azitsamba aku China, zokometsera, chakudya cham'zitini, mafuta, azitona, zinthu zopangidwa ndi nyemba, mowa, tiyi ndi mbewu zina ndi zakudya zimatha kuipitsidwa ndi ochratoxin A. Kuipitsidwa kwa ochratoxin A m'zakudya za ziweto nakonso n'koopsa kwambiri. M'mayiko omwe chakudya ndiye gawo lalikulu la chakudya cha ziweto, monga ku Europe, chakudya cha ziweto chimaipitsidwa ndi ochratoxin A, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ochratoxin A ichuluke m'thupi. Chifukwa ochratoxin A ndi yokhazikika kwambiri m'zinyama ndipo siiphikidwa mosavuta komanso kuonongeka, chakudya cha ziweto, makamaka impso, chiwindi, minofu ndi magazi a nkhumba, Ochratoxin A nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu mkaka ndi mkaka. Anthu amakumana ndi ochratoxin A kudzera mukudya mbewu ndi minofu ya nyama yomwe yaipitsidwa ndi ochratoxin A, ndipo amavulazidwa ndi ochratoxin A. Matrix ya ochratoxin yomwe imafufuzidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi tirigu (tirigu, barele, chimanga, mpunga, ndi zina zotero), khofi, vinyo, mowa, zokometsera, ndi zina zotero.

Njira zotsatirazi zitha kutengedwa ndi fakitale yogulitsa chakudya
1. Sankhani mosamala zinthu zopangira chakudya zomwe ndi zathanzi komanso zotetezeka, ndipo mitundu yonse ya zinthu zopangira zomera za nyama imadetsedwa ndi nkhungu ndipo imasanduka kusintha kwa khalidwe. N'zothekanso kuti zinthu zopangirazo zakhudzidwa ndi matendawa panthawi yosonkhanitsa ndi kusunga.
2. Pofuna kulimbitsa chitetezo cha thanzi la njira zopangira, zida, ziwiya, magalimoto osinthira, malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi zina zotero zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sizimatsukidwa nthawi yake ndipo sizimakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya ayambenso kufalikira.
3. Samalani ukhondo wa antchito. Chifukwa chakuti kuyeretsa antchito, zovala zantchito ndi nsapato sikukwanira, chifukwa chosatsuka bwino kapena kusakanizidwa ndi zovala zaumwini, pambuyo pa kuipitsidwa kwa mabakiteriya, mabakiteriya adzabweretsedwa mu workshop yopangira kudzera mwa ogwira ntchito mkati ndi kunja, zomwe zidzaipitsa chilengedwe cha workshop.
4. Malo ogwirira ntchito ndi zida zimatsukidwa ndi kutsukidwa nthawi zonse. Kuyeretsa malo ogwirira ntchito ndi zida nthawi zonse ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri popewa kuswana kwa nkhungu, zomwe mabizinesi ambiri sangathe kuchita.