amakuru

Mu bidukikije bishyushye, bikonje cyangwa ahandi hantu, ibiryo bikunze kwibasirwa n’ibihumyo. Impamvu nyamukuru ni ibihumyo. Igice cy’ibihumyo tubona mu by’ukuri ni aho mycelium y’ibihumyo ikura neza kandi igakora, ibyo bikaba ari ingaruka z’ "ubukure". Kandi hafi y’ibiryo by’ibihumyo, habayeho ibihumyo byinshi bitagaragara. Ibihumyo bizakomeza gukwirakwira mu biryo, aho bikwirakwira bifitanye isano n’amazi ari mu biryo n’ubukana bwabyo. Kurya ibiryo by’ibihumyo byangiza cyane umubiri w’umuntu.
Ibihumyo ni ubwoko bw'ibihumyo. Uburozi bukorwa n'ibihumyo bwitwa mycotoxin. Ochratoxin A ikorwa na Aspergillus na Penicillium. Byagaragaye ko ubwoko 7 bwa Aspergillus n'ubwoko 6 bwa Penicillium bushobora gukora ochratoxin A, ariko ahanini ikorwa na Penicillium viride, ochratoxin na Aspergillus niger.
Uburozi bwanduza ahanini ibinyampeke, nk'ingano, sayiri, ingano, ibigori n'ibiryo by'amatungo.
Yangiza cyane umwijima n'impyiko by'inyamaswa n'abantu. Uburozi bwinshi bushobora gutera ububyimbirwe no kwangirika kw'amara mu nyamaswa, kandi bugira ingaruka zikomeye ku ndwara ya kanseri, teratogenic na mutagenic.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’umutekano w’ibiribwa bya GB 2761-2017 ku rwego rw’igihugu bivuga ko ingano yemewe ya ochratoxin A mu binyampeke, ibishyimbo n’ibikomoka kuri byo itagomba kurenza 5 μ g/kg；
Amabwiriza agenga isuku y’ibiryo bya ochratoxin A yemewe mu biryo ntagomba kurenza 100 μ g/kg.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu by’umutekano w’ibiribwa bya GB 5009.96-2016 Igenwa ry’uburozi bw’ibiribwa bwa ochratoxin A mu biribwa
GB / T 30957-2014 kumenya ochratoxin A mu buryo bwa HPLC bwo gusukura immunoaffinity column, nibindi.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura umwanda wa ochratoxinImpamvu y'umwanda wa ochratoxin mu biribwa
Kubera ko ochratoxin A ikwirakwizwa cyane mu bidukikije, ibihingwa byinshi n'ibiribwa, harimo ibinyampeke, imbuto zumye, imizabibu na divayi, ikawa, kakao na shokora, imiti y'ibimera by'Abashinwa, ibirungo, ibiryo byo mu macupa, amavuta, elayo, ibikomoka ku bishyimbo, byeri, icyayi n'ibindi bihingwa n'ibiribwa bishobora kwanduzwa na ochratoxin A. Umwanda wa ochratoxin A mu biryo by'amatungo nawo ni mubi cyane. Mu bihugu aho ibiryo ari byo bigize ibiryo by'amatungo, nko mu Burayi, ibiryo by'amatungo byandujwe na ochratoxin A, bigatuma ochratoxin A yiyongera mu mubiri. Kubera ko ochratoxin A ihoraho cyane mu matungo kandi ntishobora kwangirika no kwangirika byoroshye, ibiryo by'amatungo, cyane cyane impyiko, umwijima, imitsi n'amaraso by'ingurube, Ochratoxin A ikunze kugaragara mu mata no mu mata. Abantu bahura na ochratoxin A binyuze mu kurya ibihingwa n'inyama z'inyamaswa zandujwe na ochratoxin A, kandi bangizwa na ochratoxin A. Inyigo yakozweho ubushakashatsi cyane kandi yigwa kuri ochratoxin ihumanya ku isi ni ibinyampeke (ingano, sayiri, ibigori, umuceri, nibindi), ikawa, divayi, byeri, ibirungo, nibindi.

Ingamba zikurikira zishobora gufatwa n'uruganda rukora ibiribwa
1. Hitamo neza ibikoresho fatizo by’ibiribwa bigamije ubuzima n’umutekano, maze ubwoko bwose bw’ibikoresho fatizo by’ibimera by’inyamaswa byanduzwa n’ibihumyo kandi bigahinduka isura. Birashoboka kandi ko ibikoresho fatizo byaba byaranduye mu gihe cyo kubikusanya no kubibika.
2. Kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kurinda ubuzima bw'ibikorwa byo gukora, ibikoresho, amakontena, imodoka zitwara imizigo, urubuga rwo gukoreramo, nibindi bikoreshwa mu gukora ntibisukurwa ku gihe kandi ntibihuzwe n'ibiribwa, bigatuma habaho kwandura kwa bagiteri.
3. Itondere isuku y'abakozi. Kubera ko gusukura abakozi, imyenda n'inkweto by'akazi bitararangira, bitewe no gusukura nabi cyangwa kuvanga imyenda y'umuntu ku giti cye, nyuma yo kwanduzanya, bagiteri zizanwa mu ivuriro ry'umusaruro binyuze mu bakozi binjira n'abasohoka, ibyo bikangiza ibidukikije by'ivuriro.
4. Aho bakorera n'ibikoresho bisukurwa kandi bigashyirwa mu buryo busanzwe. Gusukura buri gihe aho bakorera n'ibikoresho ni ingenzi mu gukumira kororoka kw'ibihumyo, ibyo ibigo byinshi bitashobora kugeraho.