iindaba

Kwiindawo ezishushu, ezifumileyo okanye kwezinye iindawo, ukutya kuthambekele ekuguleni. Eyona nto ibangela ukungunda. Inxalenye egundileyo esiyibonayo yindawo apho i-mycelium yesikhunta iphuhliswe kwaye yakheka khona ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ebangelwa "kukuvuthwa". Kwaye kufutshane nokutya okugundileyo, kubekho iisikhunta ezininzi ezingabonakaliyo. Isikhunta siya kuqhubeka sisasazeka ekutyeni, ububanzi bokusasazeka kwaso bunxulumene nomxholo wamanzi okutya kunye nobunzima besikhunta. Ukutya ukutya okugundileyo kuya kwenza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni womntu.
Isikhunta luhlobo lwesikhunta. Ityhefu eveliswa yisikhunta ibizwa ngokuba yi-mycotoxin. I-Ochratoxin A iveliswa yi-Aspergillus kunye ne-Penicillium. Kufunyenwe ukuba iintlobo ezi-7 ze-Aspergillus kunye neentlobo ezi-6 ze-Penicillium zinokuvelisa i-ochratoxin A, kodwa ikakhulu iveliswa yi-Penicillium viride ecocekileyo, i-ochratoxin kunye ne-Aspergillus niger.
Le tyhefu ingcolisa kakhulu iimveliso zokutya okuziinkozo, ezifana ne-oats, irhasi, ingqolowa, umbona kunye nokutya kwezilwanyana.
Ingonakalisa kakhulu isibindi nezintso zezilwanyana nabantu. Inani elikhulu leetyhefu linokubangela ukudumba kunye nokonakala kwe-mucosa yamathumbu kwizilwanyana, kwaye ikwanazo neziphumo ezibangela umhlaza, i-teratogenic kunye ne-mutagenic.
I-GB 2761-2017 imigangatho yokhuseleko lokutya kazwelonke ye-mycotoxins ekutyeni imisela ukuba isixa esivumelekileyo se-ochratoxin A kwiinkozo, iimbotyi kunye neemveliso zazo akufuneki sidlule kwi-5 μ g/kg；
Umgangatho wococeko lokutya we-GB 13078-2017 uthi isixa esivumelekileyo se-ochratoxin A ekutyeni akufuneki sidlule kwi-100 μ g/kg.
Umgangatho wokhuseleko lokutya wesizwe we-GB 5009.96-2016 Ukugqitywa kwe-ochratoxin A ekutyeni
GB / T 30957-2014 ukumisela i-ochratoxin A kwindlela yokucoca ikholamu ye-immunoaffinity feed HPLC, njl.

Indlela yokulawula ungcoliseko lwe-ochratoxinImbangela yongcoliseko lwe-ochratoxin ekutyeni
Ngenxa yokuba i-ochratoxin A isasazeke kakhulu kwindalo, izityalo ezininzi kunye nokutya, kuquka iinkozo, iziqhamo ezomisiweyo, iidiliya newayini, ikofu, ikhokho kunye netshokholethi, amayeza emifuno aseTshayina, izinongo, ukutya okusemathinini, ioyile, umnquma, iimveliso zeembotyi, ibhiya, iti kunye nezinye izityalo kunye nokutya kunokungcoliswa yi-ochratoxin A. Ungcoliseko lwe-ochratoxin A ekutyeni kwezilwanyana nako lubi kakhulu. Kumazwe apho ukutya kuyinxalenye ephambili yokutya kwezilwanyana, njengeYurophu, ukutya kwezilwanyana kungcoliswe yi-ochratoxin A, okubangela ukuqokelelwa kwe-ochratoxin A emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokuba i-ochratoxin A izinzile kakhulu kwizilwanyana kwaye ayiguquki lula kwaye yonakale, ukutya kwezilwanyana, ngakumbi izintso, isibindi, izihlunu kunye negazi leehagu, i-Ochratoxin A idla ngokufunyanwa kubisi nakwiimveliso zobisi. Abantu badibana ne-ochratoxin A ngokutya izityalo kunye nezicubu zezilwanyana ezingcoliswe yi-ochratoxin A, kwaye bonzakaliswa yi-ochratoxin A. Eyona matrix yongcoliseko lwe-ochratoxin ephandwe kakhulu emhlabeni ziinkozo (ingqolowa, irhasi, umbona, irayisi, njl.njl.), ikofu, iwayini, ibhiya, izinongo, njl.njl.

Le miqathango ilandelayo ingathathwa ngumzi-mveliso wokutya
1. Khetha ngokungqongqo izinto zokutya ezikrwada zempilo nokhuseleko, kwaye zonke iintlobo zezinto ezikrwada zezityalo zezilwanyana zingcoliswa ngumngundo kwaye zibe lutshintsho lomgangatho. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba izinto ezikrwada zosulelekile ngexesha lokuqokelelwa nokugcinwa kwazo.
2. Ukuqinisa ukhuseleko lwempilo lwenkqubo yemveliso, izixhobo, izikhongozeli, izithuthi ezitshintshayo, amaqonga okusebenza, njl.njl. asetyenziswa kwimveliso azicocwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye azichukunyiswa ngokuthe ngqo nokutya, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni usulelo lwesibini lwebhaktheriya ludlulele kwezinye iindawo.
3. Nika ingqalelo kucoceko lomntu lwabasebenzi. Ngenxa yokuba ukubulala iintsholongwane kubasebenzi, iimpahla zomsebenzi kunye nezihlangu akuphelelanga, ngenxa yokungacocwa kakuhle okanye ukuxubana neempahla zomntu, emva kokungcola okuxutyiweyo, iintsholongwane ziya kuziswa kwindawo yokusebenzela yemveliso ngabasebenzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle, nto leyo eya kungcolisa okusingqongileyo kwendawo yokusebenzela.
4. Indawo yokusebenzela kunye nezixhobo zicocwa kwaye zicocwa rhoqo. Ukucocwa rhoqo kwendawo yokusebenzela kunye nezixhobo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuthintela ukuzala kwesikhunta, into engenakufezwa ngamashishini amaninzi.