Ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezinomswakama noma kwezinye izindawo, ukudla kuthambekele ekukhunteni. Imbangela eyinhloko yisikhunta. Ingxenye ekhuntekile esiyibonayo empeleni yingxenye lapho i-mycelium yesikhunta ikhule khona ngokuphelele futhi yakheka, okuwumphumela "wokuvuthwa". Futhi eduze kokudla okukhuntekile, kube nezikhunta eziningi ezingabonakali. Isikhunta sizoqhubeka nokusabalala ekudleni, ububanzi bokusabalala kwaso buhlobene nokuqukethwe kwamanzi kokudla kanye nobunzima besikhunta. Ukudla ukudla okukhuntekile kuzolimaza kakhulu umzimba womuntu.
Isikhunta uhlobo lwesikhunta. Ubuthi obukhiqizwa yisikhunta bubizwa ngokuthi i-mycotoxin. I-Ochratoxin A ikhiqizwa yi-Aspergillus kanye ne-Penicillium. Kutholakale ukuthi izinhlobo ezi-7 ze-Aspergillus kanye nezinhlobo ezi-6 ze-Penicillium zingakhiqiza i-ochratoxin A, kodwa ikakhulukazi ikhiqizwa yi-Penicillium viride emsulwa, i-ochratoxin kanye ne-Aspergillus niger.
Ubuthi bungcolisa kakhulu imikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu, njenge-oats, ibhali, ukolweni, ummbila kanye nokudla kwezilwane.
Ilimaza kakhulu isibindi nezinso zezilwane nabantu. Inani elikhulu lobuthi lingabangela ukuvuvukala kanye nokuqothuka kwe-mucosa yamathumbu ezilwaneni, futhi inemiphumela ebanga umdlavuza, i-teratogenic kanye ne-mutagenic kakhulu.
Imikhawulo ejwayelekile yokuphepha kokudla kazwelonke ye-GB 2761-2017 yama-mycotoxin ekudleni ibeka ukuthi inani elivunyelwe le-ochratoxin A kokusanhlamvu, ubhontshisi kanye nemikhiqizo yawo akumele lidlule u-5 μ g/kg；
Izinga lokuhlanzeka kokudla le-GB 13078-2017 libeka ukuthi inani elivumelekile le-ochratoxin A ekudleni akumele lidlule u-100 μ g/kg.
I-GB 5009.96-2016 indinganiso kazwelonke yokuphepha kokudla Ukunqunywa kwe-ochratoxin A ekudleni
Ukunqunywa kwe-GB / T 30957-2014 kwe-ochratoxin A ekuhlanzweni kwekholomu ye-immunoaffinity ye-feed, njll.
Indlela yokulawula ukungcola kwe-ochratoxinImbangela yokungcola kwe-ochratoxin ekudleni
Ngenxa yokuthi i-ochratoxin A isakazeke kabanzi emvelweni, izitshalo eziningi nokudla, okuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu, izithelo ezomisiwe, amagilebhisi newayini, ikhofi, i-cocoa kanye noshokoledi, imithi yamakhambi aseShayina, izinongo, ukudla okusemathinini, uwoyela, umnqumo, imikhiqizo kabhontshisi, ubhiya, itiye kanye nezinye izitshalo kanye nokudla kungangcoliswa yi-ochratoxin A. Ukungcoliswa kwe-ochratoxin A ekudleni kwezilwane nakho kubi kakhulu. Emazweni lapho ukudla kuyingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwezilwane, njengeYurophu, ukudla kwezilwane kungcoliswe yi-ochratoxin A, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwe-ochratoxin A emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ochratoxin A izinzile kakhulu ezilwaneni futhi ayigaywa kalula futhi yonakale, ukudla kwezilwane, ikakhulukazi izinso, isibindi, imisipha kanye negazi lezingulube, i-Ochratoxin A ivame ukutholakala ebisini nasemikhiqizo yobisi. Abantu baxhumana ne-ochratoxin A ngokudla izitshalo nezicubu zezilwane ezingcoliswe yi-ochratoxin A, futhi balinyazwa yi-ochratoxin A. Okucwaningwa kakhulu futhi okufundwe kakhulu ku-ochratoxin i-pollution matrix emhlabeni yizinhlamvu (ukolweni, ibhali, ummbila, ilayisi, njll.), ikhofi, iwayini, ubhiya, izinongo, njll.
Imboni yokudla ingathatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo
1. Khetha ngokucophelela izinto zokusetshenziswa zokudla zempilo nokuphepha, futhi zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo zezilwane zingcoliswa yisikhunta futhi zibe ushintsho lwekhwalithi. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zithelelekile ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa nokugcinwa.
2. Ukuze kuqiniswe ukuvikelwa kwempilo kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, amathuluzi, izitsha, izimoto zokushintshana, amapulatifomu okusebenza, njll. asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni awahlanzwa ngesikhathi futhi awathinteki ngqo nokudla, okuholela ekuthelelekeni kwesibili kwamagciwane.
3. Naka inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu yabasebenzi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhlanza abasebenzi, izingubo zomsebenzi nezicathulo akuphelele, ngenxa yokuhlanzwa okungafanele noma ukuxubana nezingubo zomuntu siqu, ngemva kokungcola okuxubile, amabhaktheriya azolethwa eshabhu lokukhiqiza ngabasebenzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle, okuzongcolisa imvelo yeshabhu.
4. Indawo yokusebenzela namathuluzi kuyahlanzwa futhi kuhlanzwe amagciwane njalo. Ukuhlanza njalo indawo yokusebenzela namathuluzi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvimbela ukuzala kwesikhunta, okuyinto amabhizinisi amaningi angenakukwazi ukuyifeza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-21-2021